Chapter 1: Introduction to Public Health Nutrition Flashcards by isabelle

Focuses on smaller, specific groups or communities. It aims to improve the health and nutrition of individuals within those communities by addressing environmental factors that affect their nutrition. The approach is often more localized, working with community organizations and groups to improve access to healthy food, education, and services. The focus is on changing the local environment and helping specific populations adopt healthier habits.

Community Nutrition

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Takes a broader, population-wide approach. It aims to improve the health of the entire population by working on larger systems like the food and nutrition system. The focus is on preventing diet-related diseases and promoting health on a wide scale. Public health nutrition involves monitoring population health, assessing needs, and leading interventions that can impact the whole society. It collaborates across different sectors (like education, agriculture, and health) to create policies and programs that improve access to healthy food and ensure everyone’s nutritional rights.

Public Health Nutrition

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Works on a smaller scale with specific communities.

Community Nutrition

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Operates on a larger scale, focusing on the health of the entire population.

Public Health Nutrition

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Organized measures to prevent diseases, promote health, and prolong life. Its activities aim to provide conditions in which people can be healthy, focusing on entire populations, not on individual patients or diseases.

Public Health

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Three aims of public health

Prevent diseases, promote health, and prolong life

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Function of a public health nutritionist

Identifies the nutritional problems of the community

Helps people become aware of their condition

Possesses knowledge on individual and community nutritional assessment

Assessor of the people

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Function of a public health nutritionist

Initiates the development of an organization that can help in the alleviation of nutritional problems

Discover potential leaders or consider manpower planning and development to assist in meeting the goals of the community

Community organizer

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Function of a public health nutritionist

Organizes program planning activities

Assists and guides people in prioritizing their problems according to their perceived needs

Plans for actions to be taken in solving identified problems

Prevents the occurrence of problems

Program planner

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Function of a public health nutritionist

Guides or assists people in solving the problems themselves to establish independence

Encourgaes people to take responsibility for their health, assists people to make appropriate dietary changes

involves the people in the implementation of programs

Program implementer

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Function of a public health nutritionist as a nutrition educator

Counsels individuals and families on the principles of nutrition and assists them in altering dietary patterns when needed

Counselor

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Function of a public health nutritionist as a nutrition educator

Conducts group sessions with patients’ or mothers’ classes or some similar activity to stimulate changes in nutritional knowledge, attitudes, and practices, and facilitates workshops and focus group discussions

Group facilitator

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Function of a public health nutritionist as a nutrition educator

Analyzes and evaluates popular and scientific literature

Serves as a “bridge” between the nutrition scientist and the general public

Translator of research findings

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Function of a public health nutritionist as a nutrition educator

Influences and mobilizes others to provide support for nutrition programs

Advocate

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Function of a public health nutritionist as a nutrition educator

Provides consultation services to other health workers to ease the burden of conducting health leadership alone

Mentor

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Function of a public health nutritionist

Plans, conducts, and evaluates nutrition and nutrition-related studies in the community

Knows how to conduct research, use research materials, and apply knowledge and skills in basic statistics and epidemiology, in collecting, compiling, analyzing, and reporting demographic and health and nutrition data.

Researcher

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Function of a public health nutritionist

Recruits and trains personnel, supervises personnel assigned, and takes charge of the use and maintenance of facilities, equipment, and supplies

Prepares program reports on financial management and budgeting and other financial statements

Program Administrator

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Function of a public health nutritionist

Assesses the program’s success or failure by evaluating activities

Program evaluator

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Spanish Regime

1577, he set up a dispensary for treating indigents. It later became San Juan de Dios Hospital

*San Lazaro Hospital (Cebu and Camarines Sur)

Father Juan Clemente

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Spanish Regime

Year when UST, first medical school was founded

1806

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Spanish Regime

1876: Carriedo waterworks provided piped water to Manila residents

Don Francisco Carriedo

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Spanish Regime

1884: Epidemic of beriberi in Manila

Koniger

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American Regime

Year when the Board of health was established. Major concerns were control of epidemics and infectious diseases, beriberi, and sanitation

1898

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American Regime

1904: A disease called “taon,” “taol,” or “suba” afflicted infants.

What was the symptom?

Infantile beriberi

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American Regime Year when UP College of Medicine was established

1907

American Regime Year when Philippine General Hospital was founded Beriberi was associated with eating white polished rice

1910

American Regime Treatment of tiqui-tiqui extract was produced for beriberi treatment

1912

American Regime Year when a law was enacted for the free distribution of tiqui-tiqui to indigent mothers

1914

American Regime Year when National Nutrition Council was oragnized

1934

Commonwealth Regime Who is the first secretary of the Department of Health and Welfare?

Dr. Jose Fabella

Commonwealth Regime Year when Food and Nutrition was offered as a major field of study at UP before WW II

1939

Japanese Occupation Bureau of Health focused on handling emergencies and the prevention of epidemics and?

Malaria

Year when Board of Nutritional Research was created

1943

1947: Organization of the Philippine Association of Nutrition (PAN). Who was the first president?

Dr. Francisco O. Santos

1947: Philippine Institute of Nutrition (PIN) was created. Who was the first director?

Dr. Juan Salcedo, Jr.

Year of reorganization of PIN into the Food and Nutrition Research Center (now FNRI)

1958

Year when Nutrition Foundation of the Philippines (NFP) was established by Dr. Juan Salcedo, Jr.

1959

1960: The National Coordinating Council on Food and Nutrition was organized under the leadership of? He succeeded Dr. Salcedo as director of FNRC

Dr. Coronado R. Pascual

Year when the National Nutrition Program Office was established, followed by the Nutrition Service of the Department of Health (DOH) EO. 285 was signed, giving the National Food and Agriculture Council the responsibility of coordinating nutrition programs

1969

Year when the National Nutrition Council was created. Who was the first Executive Director by PD 491? PD 491: nutrition as a priority concern of government and July as Nutrition month

1974, Dr. Florentino Solon

Year when LOI No. 441 was issued, instructing the Department of Local Government (now the Department of Interior and Local Government (DILG)) to establish nutrition committees.

1976

Year when PD 1286 or the Nutrition and Dietetics Degree was enacted.

1977

Year when PD 1569 was enacted - Barangay Nutrition Scholar per barangay

1978

1986: A popularized approach to the solution of the malnutrition problem

Nutrition in Development

Year when RA 10862/the Nutrition and Dietetics Law of 2016 was enacted. Practice of Nutrition and Dietetics in the Philippines, repealed PD 1286

2016

A condition of the body caused by sustained deficiency, excess, or imbalance in one or more nutrients.

Malnutrition

A child’s weight is less than expected for his/her age (underweight-for-age). It is classified as moderate or severe depending on the degree of deviation.

Underweight

Underweight Classification Weight is <-2SD to -3SD

Moderate

Underweight Classification Weight is <-3SD

Severe

Child’s height is less than expected for his/her age (underheight-for-age). The child has not grown to his/her potential due to chronic undernutrition or inadequate food to promote growth for a long period of time.

Stunting

A child’s weight is less than expected for his/her height (underweight-for-height). It is maybe due to acute food deprivation or presence of illness such as infection.

Wasting

A child is severely wasted and has the appearance of “skin and bones”

Marasmus

Also kniwn as edematous malnutrition. The symptoms may include edema; thin or sparse discolored hair; and skin with discolored patches that may crack and peel.

Kwashiorkor

A result of long-standing diet intake that is inadequate in energy to sustain optimal growth and physical activity. This results in thinnes, low physical performance, and work capacity.

Chronic Energy Deficit (CED)

This results from the excessive consumption of food, and hence excess calories over an extended period of time.

Overnutrition

Weighing too much for one’s length/height or weight-for-length/height

Overweight

A condition of being obese or severely overweight for weight-for-length/height

Obesity

A pathological state resulting from a relative or absolute lack of an individual nutrient

Micronutrient Deficiencies

Caused by low Vitamin A status, including clinical signs and symptoms. Determined by measuring Vitamin A level in the blood, looking for changes in the superficial tissues (eyes and skin) or determining if one has difficulty seeing in the dark.

Vitamin A Deficiency Disorder (VADD)

A condition with a decrease in the concentration of hemoglobin in the blood.

Iron Deficiency Anemia (IDA)

This occurs when Iodine intake falls below recommended levels and when the thyroid can no longer synthesize suffieicient amounts of thyroid hormone.

Iodine Deficiency Disorder (IDD)

A pathological state resulting from a disproportion among essential nutrients with or without absolute deficiency of any nutrient.

Nutrient Imbalance

Also known as chronic diseases, are not passed from person to person. Four main types: Cardiovascular diseases (heart attacks and stroke), cancers, chronic respiratory diseases (asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease) and diabetes.

Non-Communicable Diseases (NCDs)

A group of disorders of the heart and blood vessels.

Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs)

Rapid creation of abnormal cells that grow beyond their usual boundairies, and which can invade adjoining parts of the body and spread to other organs (metastasis)

Cancer

Chronic diseases of the airways and other structures of the lung.

Chronic Respiratory Diseases

A metabolic disorder of multiple etiology characterized by chronic hyperglycemia with disturbances of CHO, CHON, and Fat metabolism resulting from defects in insulin secretion, insulin action, or both.

Diabetes

Impaired iron mobilization Depressed immune rsponse Disturbed cellular differentiation

VADD

Descreased work productivity Poor academic performance Low resistance to infection Deah (in extreme cases)

IDA

Goiter Poor mental development Low work productivity Mental retardation Spontaneous abortion stillbirth Congenital, mental, and physical deformities (deaf-mutism) Squint

IDD