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CPHN > Chapter 2: NLS - Elderly > Flashcards

Chapter 2: NLS - Elderly Flashcards

1
Q

branch of medicine concerned with health problems of the elderly

A

geriatrics

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2
Q

broad branch of science dealing with the psychological, sociological, economic, physiological, and medical aspects of aging

A

gerontology

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3
Q

the branch of science concerning the study of the physiological and medical aspects of aging

A

biogerontology

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4
Q

is the age of an individual on the numbers of years lived

A

chronologic age

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5
Q

the relative age of a person based on physiologic capacity and measurement

A

biologic age

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6
Q

the average remaining years a person of a given age, sex, and race may expect to live based on statistical population averages

A

life expectancy

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7
Q

is a normal process or condition of growing old

A

senescence

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8
Q

young adult age

A

65-74 y/o

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9
Q

old-old age

A

75-84 y/o

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10
Q

oldest age

A

> 85 y/o

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11
Q

psychosocial development (60 - >80 y/o) core conflict

A

ego vs despair

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12
Q

refers to the time-dependent biologic and physiologic changes that begin at 30 y/o and are degenerative in their effect

A

aging

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13
Q

determine the age to which people survive

A

genetics

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14
Q

determines the timing and the rate of aging

A

environment

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15
Q

theories of aging

loss of cell function is attributed to the accumulation of waste or defective parts in cells

A

clinker theory

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16
Q

theories of aging

attributes aging to the chemical and mechanical exhaustion of the cells

A

wear-and-tear theory

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17
Q

theories of aging

somatic (growing or dividing) cells are inactivated or defective as a result of errors in DNA replication

A

somatic mutation theory

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18
Q

theories of aging

errors in DNA or RNA replication result in the death of the cell or the production of foreign proteins that limit cell function

A

genetic theory

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19
Q

theories of aging

antibodies that usually attack only bacteria and foreign cells start to attack and destroy normal body cells

A

autoimmune theory

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20
Q

theories of aging

collagen molecules are immobilized through cross-linking by free radicals produced by many biochemical reactions and by the effect of ozone from the atmosphere

A

cross-linkage theory

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21
Q

theories of aging

oxidation of lipid in the cell membrane destroys its integrity and leads either to destruction of the cell or to the accumulation of lipofuscin (oxidized lipoproteins) granules in the cell

A

lipid peroxidation theory

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22
Q

one of the changes observed with increasing age

A

diabetes - alteration in glucose metabolism

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23
Q

occurs more frequently in adults over 45 y/o, as mean blood pressure level rise with age

A

hypertension

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24
Q

may result from the interplay of the degenerative changes that occur particularly in the CVD system

cig. smoking, obesity, HPN, and T2DM increase the risk

A

coronary heart disease and atherosclerosis

25
Q

characterized by feelings of fatigue, anxiety, and sleeplessness

may result from iron inadequacy which may be due to low intake and impaired absorption of heme iron and/or vitamin c

A

anemia

26
Q

high phytate content of a food reduces the absorption of

A

iron and zinc

27
Q

drinking excessive amounts of tea increases the need for

A

thiamin b1

28
Q

drug-related malnutrition

cause zinc depletion that result to loss of sense of taste and appetite

A

penicillamine

29
Q

drug-related malnutrition

may irritate the GIT wall and cause bleeding

A

analgesic and aspirin

30
Q

the general decline in immune function is a result of a decline in the ability of the _____ to produce special disease-fighting cells

A

thymus gland

31
Q

age-related thickenings in the lenses of the eye that impair vision

may lead to blindness if not surgically removed

A

cataract

32
Q

occur in well-nourished individuals as a result of ultraviolet light exposure, oxidative damage, injury, viral infections, toxic substances, and genetic disorders

A

cataract

33
Q

swelling of the joints

A

osteoarthritis

34
Q

during movement, the ends of the bones are normally protected by wear from cartilage and by small sacs of fluid that act as a lubricant

with age, bone disintegrate, and joints become malformed and painful to move

A

arthritis

35
Q

the clinical syndrome associated with the absolute decrease in bone mineral and bone matrix

A

osteoporosis

36
Q

results in bone pain, spinal deformity, and bone fractures

A

osteoporosis

37
Q

adult’s rickets is aka

A

osteomalacia

38
Q

osteomalacia is aka

A

adult’s rickets

39
Q

or adult’s rickets is caused by vitamin D deficiency and low calcium absorption

A

osteomalacia

40
Q

bone density is decreased because of poor mineralization of the available protein matrix

A

osteomalacia

41
Q

hormones (estrogen and parathyroid hormone), inactivity or immobility, and dietary and metabolic aspects of calcium, phosphorus, protein, fluorine, and vitamins a and d

A

osteoporosis

42
Q

nut-drug interaction

alters/suppress appetite

A

aphetamines

43
Q

nut-drug interaction

interferes with taste or smell, changes taste sensations

A

methotrexate

44
Q

nut-drug interaction

induce nausea or vomiting

A

digitalis

45
Q

nut-drug interaction

irritates the GIT, induces mucosal ulcers

A

cyclophosphamide

46
Q

nut-drug interaction

causes sores or inflammation of the mouth

A

methotrexate

47
Q

drugs alter nutrient absorption

can improve fat absorption

A

cimetidine

48
Q

drugs alter nutrient absorption

alters motility of the digestive tract

speed motility, cause malabsorption of many nutrients

A

laxatives

49
Q

drugs alter nutrient absorption

inactivates enzyme systems, can damage mucosal cells

A

chemotherapy

50
Q

food can alter drug absorption

changing the acidity of the digestive tract

ex: causing slow acting asthma medication to dissolve too quickly

A

candy

51
Q

food can alter drug absorption

simulating secretion of digestive juices

absorbed better when taken with foods that stimulate the release of digestive enzymes

A

griseofulvin

52
Q

food can alter drug absorption

alter the absorption rate

absorbed more slowly when taken with food

A

aspirin

53
Q

food can alter drug absorption

binding to drugs

binds to tetracycline limiting drug absorption

A

calcium

54
Q

food can alter drug absorption

competes for absorption sites in the intestines

dietary AA interferes with _____

A

levodopa

55
Q

drugs and nutrients can interact and alter metabolism by

acts as structural analogs

A

anticoagulants and vitamin k

56
Q

drugs and nutrients can interact and alter metabolism by

competing with each other for metabolic enzyme systems

A

phenobarbital and folate

57
Q

drugs and nutrients can interact and alter metabolism by

alters enzyme activity and contributing pharmacologically active substances

A

monoamine oxidase inhibitors (MAOIs) and tyramine

58
Q

drugs can alter nutrient excretion by

alters reabsorption in the kidneys

A

diuretics increase excretion of sodium and potassium

59
Q

drugs can alter nutrient excretion by

displacing nutrients from their plasma protein carriers

A

aspirin displaces folate

CPHN (22 decks)

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