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CPHN > Chapter 2: NLS - Infancy-Lactation (2) > Flashcards

Chapter 2: NLS - Infancy-Lactation (2) Flashcards

1
Q

infant formula with base of hydrolyzed casein, a major milk protein produced by partially breaking down the casein into smaller peptide fragments, making a product that is more easily digested

A

casein hydrosylate

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2
Q

types of milk used for feeding infants

defined as nutritionally equivalent to whole or nonfat milk based on their content of 14 to 15 nutrients

A

substitute and imitation milks

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3
Q

types of milk used for feeding infants

does not include all nutrients recommended as components of infant formulas

A

substitute and imitation milks

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4
Q

breastfeeding - method of feeding the baby

biologically complete, easily digested and assimilated, and can support satisfactory growth and development

A

breast milk

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5
Q

T/F the content of breastmilk varies from individual to individual

A

T

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6
Q

breastfeeding - method of feeding the baby

when to start breastfeeding? first feeding is within

A

half hour after birth

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7
Q

breastfeeding - method of feeding the baby

strongest 20-30 mins after birth of the infant

if not fed at this time, it diminishes and does not return until the end of the 2nd life

A

sucking reflex

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8
Q

breastfeeding - method of feeding the baby

early close contact between the mother and the baby is necessary for bonding or

A

imprinting

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9
Q

feeding schedule

newborns will be fed:
how many times?
hours of intervals?
how much to consume

A

6-8x a day

at intervals of 2-4 hrs

consume 2-3 oz

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10
Q

feeding schedule

by 2 weeks of age, feeding will be reduced to

A

6 feedings

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11
Q

feeding schedule

by 2 months of age, most infants are fed _____ and sleep thru the night

A

5x a day

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12
Q

feeding schedule

by 6 months of age, babies consume _____ meals and _____milk feedings a day

A

3 meals and 4 milk feedings

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13
Q

infant is getting enough to eat if

urination is _____ times a day

A

6-8 x

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14
Q

infant is getting enough to eat if

number of stools a day for the first few weeks

A

1-2 stools

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15
Q

infant is getting enough to eat if

adequate weight gain, good color and skin tone

feeding every 1.5 to 3 hrs. after which baby seems content

A

-

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16
Q

feeding the baby with milk formula

mixture of milk, water, and some cho in appropriate proportions to meet the nutritional requirements of the infant

A

milk formula

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17
Q

feeding the baby with milk formula

designed to stimulate human milk and is prepared in the most sterile manner possible

A

-

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18
Q

types of milk formula according to form

prepared for feeding by mixing equal amounts of the liquids and water

(1:1)

A

liquid concentrates

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19
Q

types of milk formula according to form

require no preparation available in different sizes

A

ready-to-feed formulas

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20
Q

types of milk formula according to form

that are prepared by mixing 1 level tbsp of powder for each 2 oz of water

(1:2)

A

powdered formulas

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21
Q

temperature of milk

well tolerated by 50% of young infants and 75% of older infants and gives good growth response as that which infants has been warmed to body temperature

A

cold formula

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22
Q

nursing bottle syndrome

practice of offering infants a bottle at bedtime and allowing them to fall asleep with the bottle in the mouth causes _____

A

nursing-bottle syndrome

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23
Q

2 methods of sterilization

A

standard aseptic sterilization
terminal sterilization

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24
Q

methods of sterilization

all equipment used in preparing the formula, bottles, caps, and nipples are sterilized by steam for 5 mins

A

standard asceptic sterilization

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25
Q

milk composition and recommended dilution for computations - MILK

whole milk

kcal: _____ kcal/100 ml & _____ kcal/oz
protein: _____ g/100 ml

A

70 kcal; 20 kcal

2g/T

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26
Q

milk composition and recommended dilution for computations - MILK

powdered whole milk: _____ kcal/T
protein: _____ g/T

A

40 kcal

2g/T

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27
Q

milk composition and recommended dilution for computations - MILK

kcal: _____ kcal/100 ml
protein: _____ g/100 ml

A

146 kcal

7.3 g

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28
Q

milk composition and recommended dilution for computations - DILUTION

whole milk

< 3 months
> 3 months

A

< 3months: 2:1

> 3 months: no dilution

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29
Q

milk composition and recommended dilution for computations - DILUTION

powdered whole milk

< 3 months
> 3 months

A

< 3 months: 1:3 (1 part milk 3 parts water)

> 3 months: 1:2

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30
Q

milk composition and recommended dilution for computations - DILUTION

evaporated milk

< 3 months
> 3 months

A

< 3 months: 1 t/oz of water

> 3 months: 1.5 t/oz of water

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31
Q

milk composition and recommended dilution for computations - # of sugar to add

< 2 weeks

A

1/2 tsp per feeding

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32
Q

milk composition and recommended dilution for computations - # of sugar to add

> 2 weeks to 7 months

A

1/2 tsp or 1 tsp per feeding

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33
Q

milk composition and recommended dilution for computations - # of sugar to add

> 7 months: reduced until discontinued

A

-

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34
Q

introduction of solid foods

transition from EBF to family foods and usually covers 6-8 to 24 months of age

A

complementary feeding

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35
Q

introduction of solid foods

all infants should start receiving foods in addition to breastmilk from 6 months onwards

A

timely

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36
Q

introduction of solid foods

the nutritional value of complementary foods should be comparable w/ breastmilk

A

adequate

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37
Q

introduction of solid foods

measures are taken to minimize the risk of contamination with pathogens

A

safe

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38
Q

introduction of solid foods

foods are appropriate texture and given in sufficient quality

A

appropriate

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39
Q

connotes changing from breastmilk to other milk or milk substitutes

accustom to foods other than breastmilk or milk formula

A

weaning

40
Q

begins at the first time the infant receives supplemental or solid nourishment

A

weaning

41
Q

order of adding solid foods is as follows (6)

A

cereal foods
fruits
vegetables
eggs
munggo or other dried beans
meat, fish, poultry

42
Q

feeding-related concerns and dietary mgmt in infancy

effortless expulsion of gastric contents caused by GI reflux, the result of the decreased pressure in the lower esophageal sphincter

positioning infant at a 40-60 degrees angle may lessen regurgitation

A

regurgitation

43
Q

feeding-related concerns and dietary mgmt in infancy

acute abdominal pain that results to crying and being irritable

eliminating milk from the mother’s diet has helped some breastfed infants, while use of casein hydrosylate formula alleviate symptoms of some bottle-fed infants

A

colic

44
Q

feeding-related concerns and dietary mgmt in infancy

infants spit-up a small amount of any milk or food digested at each feed

there is no therapy; the problem usually resolves itself by the time the infant can sustain a sitting position

A

spitting-up food

45
Q

feeding-related concerns and dietary mgmt in infancy

characterized by frequent passage of loose, watery, and unformed stools

breastfeeding should continue

the addition of food rich in pectin (banana) hastens the development of formed stools

A

diarrhea

46
Q

hypersensitive state resulting from the interaction of an allergen with an antibody

any food is potentially allergic; (egg, chicken, milk) are listed as common food allergens among infants

the offending food should be eliminated and acceptable substitutes offered

A

food allergy

47
Q

simultaneous with the child’s need for the right quality and quantity of the food to ensure the growth of his body is the child’s need for sensory stimuli and enriching experiences to attain the maximum potential for his developing brain

A

mental feeding

48
Q

objective: promote the total development of both mind and body of children during the crucial period from conception to age 5

A

mental feeding

49
Q

age range of mental feeding

A

0-5 y/o

50
Q

local nutrition program and policies

a comprehensive and integrated package of services and communication on health, nutrition, and environment for children

available everyday at various settings such as home, school, health facilities and communities by government and non-government organizations, private sectors, and civic groups

A

expanded garantisadong pambata

51
Q

local nutrition program and policies

all sick children aged 2 months up to 5 years are examined for general danger

these signes indicate immediate referral or admission to hospital

A

integrated management of childhood illness (IMCI)

52
Q

local nutrition program and policies

integrated management of childhood illness (IMCI):
the child’s illness is classified based on a color-coded triage system

color: ?
for urgent hospital referral or admission

A

pink

53
Q

local nutrition program and policies

integrated management of childhood illness (IMCI):
the child’s illness is classified based on a color-coded triage system

color: ?
initiation of specific outpatient treatment

A

yellow

54
Q

local nutrition program and policies

integrated management of childhood illness (IMCI):
the child’s illness is classified based on a color-coded triage system

color: ?
for supportive home care

A

green

55
Q

local nutrition program and policies - micronutrient program

is the provision of pharmaceutically prepared vitamins and minerals for treatment or prevention of specific micronutrient deficiency

A

micronutrient supplementation

56
Q

local nutrition program and policies - micronutrient program

the addition of essential micronutrients to widely consumed food product at levels above the normal state

A

food fortification

57
Q

local nutrition program and policies - micronutrient program

the adoption of proper food and nutrition practices thru nutrition education, food production, and consumption

A

improving diet/dietary divsersification

58
Q

local nutrition program and policies - micronutrient program

is an educational strategy for promoting child health, human development, and quality of life through sequential measurement of physical growth and development of individuals in the community

A

growth monitoring and development

59
Q

measles elimination campaign

A

ligtas tigdas

60
Q

local nutrition program and policies - nutrition during school age

school age is from what age

A

5-12 y/o

61
Q

local nutrition program and policies - nutrition during school age

school age (5-12 y/o) is also called as the

A

latent time of growth

62
Q

local nutrition program and policies - nutrition during school age

it is characterized by the slowing down of the rate of growth and when the body changes occur gradually

A

nutrition during school age

63
Q

nutrition during school age - wt and ht

weight and height added each year

A

ht: 2-2.5 in
wt: 3-6 lbs

64
Q

nutrition during school age - wt and ht

male and female size are comparable until age 9-10. the increase of _____ is an initial indication of onset of growth spurt

A

foot size

65
Q

nutrition during school age - wt and ht

adult height can be predicted from height during _____

A

school years

66
Q

nutrition during school age - wt and ht

the average girl is _____ and _____ than the average boy by 13 y/o

A

taller and heavier

67
Q

nutrition during school age - wt and ht

male growth spurt begins at _____ years old

A

12-16 y/o

68
Q

nutrition during school age - body proportions

accounts 66% of height increases until adolescence

A

leg growth

69
Q

nutrition during school age - body proportions

permanent teeth except for _____ and _____ molars set in by age 11-12, accompanied by great susceptibility to cavities during these years

A

2nd and 3rd molars

70
Q

nutrition during school age - body compositions (muscle and fat)

grows slowly and is proportionally slower than in other ages

A

heart

71
Q

nutrition during school age - body compositions (skeleton)

bone growth is concentrated in _____ (3)

A

legs, arms, face

72
Q

nutrition during school age - body compositions (skeleton)

there is more flexibility because of less firmly attached _____ and more space between bones

A

ligaments

73
Q

nutrition during school age - body compositions (skeleton)

_____ is still in the process

A

ossification

74
Q

nutrition during school age - body compositions (brain)

growth of these slow down

A

brain and head

75
Q

nutrition during school age - body compositions (brain)

brain growth is essentially complete by age

A

10-12 y/o

76
Q

nutrition during school age - body compositions (perceptual development) - VISION

there is normal 20/20 vision between ages 9-11 years old

by 6 y/o the _____ is established

A

binocular vision

77
Q

nutrition during school age - body compositions (perceptual development) - VISION

may be found in higher percentage among boys than girls

A

colorblindness

78
Q

nutrition during school age - body compositions (perceptual development) - HEARING

the most common cause of hearing loss in kindergarten and grade 1 is _____

A

otitis media

79
Q

nutrition during school age - body compositions (perceptual development) - HEARING

it is important to treat hearing loss because of its impact on _____

A

language development

80
Q

nutrition during school age - other systems

the ____ matures, thus experiences fewer stomach upsets and greater stomach capacity

A

gi system

81
Q

nutrition during school age - other systems

continue to grow, with less abdominal breathing; the capacity of the lung increases, and respiration rate decreases

A

lungs

82
Q

nutrition during school age - other systems

the _____ (2) control is well established; the capacity of the bladder is greater than girls than boys

A

bowel and bladder control

83
Q

nutrition during school age - psychosocial development

core problem

A

tension between industry vs inferiority

84
Q

nutrition during school age

period of time shortly after a slow growth period when the rate of weight and height gains is likely to be faster than expected for age and gender

A

catch-up growth

85
Q

nutrition during school age - nutritional requirements and nutritional problems

3 functions of the diet for the child are

A
  1. provide fuel for muscular activity
  2. supply the necessary chemical elements and compounds; the child’s body requires growth and repair of worn-out tissues
  3. give pleasure and satisfaction to the child
86
Q

nutrition during school age - nutritional requirements and rationale (TER)

child’s energy requirement is determined by his (3)

A

age, basal metabolism, activity

87
Q

nutrition during school age - nutritional requirements and rationale (CHON)

child’s protein requirement is relatively _____ in relation to the body weight than those of an adult

A

higher

88
Q

nutrition during school age - nutritional requirements and rationale (CHON)

this is for the period of _____ and lower during period of slower growth

A

rapid growth

89
Q

nutrition during school age - nutritional requirements and rationale (CHON)

adequate chon intake for a child contains sufficient amounts of all the essential amino acids to cover maintenance needs besides providing an extra amount of chon compatible w/ growth

A

-

90
Q

nutrition during school age - nutritional requirements and rationale (FAT-SOLUBLE VITAMINS)

allowances should be provided because of the high incidence of this deficiency in this age group

A

vitamin a

91
Q

nutrition during school age - nutritional requirements and rationale (WATER-SOLUBLE VITAMINS)

active in the formation and maintenance of intercellular material, and increases the resistance against the infectious diseased

A

vitamin c

92
Q

nutrition during school age - nutritional requirements and rationale (MINERALS)

electrolytes such as (2) are mainly involved in regulating the water balance of the body

A

sodium and potassium

93
Q

nutrition during school age - nutritional requirements and rationale (MINERALS)

bone materials (2) play a role as cofactor in proteins, regulating muscle function, blood clotting, and cellular energy expenditure

A

calcium and phosphorus

94
Q

nutrition during school age - nutritional requirements and rationale (MINERALS)

trace elements such as _____ are involved in o2 transport

A

iron

95
Q

nutrition during school age - nutritional requirements and rationale (MINERALS)

vital to energy metabolism, protein synthesis, growth, and sexual maturation

A

zinc

96
Q

nutrition during school age - nutritional requirements and rationale

a healthy child requires a total daily fluid intake of:

of glasses
liters/day

A

4-6 glasses

1 to 1.5L per day

CPHN (22 decks)

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