Chapter 2: NLS - Infancy-Lactation (2) Flashcards by isabelle

infant formula with base of hydrolyzed casein, a major milk protein produced by partially breaking down the casein into smaller peptide fragments, making a product that is more easily digested

casein hydrosylate

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types of milk used for feeding infants

defined as nutritionally equivalent to whole or nonfat milk based on their content of 14 to 15 nutrients

substitute and imitation milks

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types of milk used for feeding infants

does not include all nutrients recommended as components of infant formulas

substitute and imitation milks

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breastfeeding - method of feeding the baby

biologically complete, easily digested and assimilated, and can support satisfactory growth and development

breast milk

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T/F the content of breastmilk varies from individual to individual

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breastfeeding - method of feeding the baby

when to start breastfeeding? first feeding is within

half hour after birth

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breastfeeding - method of feeding the baby

strongest 20-30 mins after birth of the infant

if not fed at this time, it diminishes and does not return until the end of the 2nd life

sucking reflex

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breastfeeding - method of feeding the baby

early close contact between the mother and the baby is necessary for bonding or

imprinting

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feeding schedule

newborns will be fed:
how many times?
hours of intervals?
how much to consume

6-8x a day

at intervals of 2-4 hrs

consume 2-3 oz

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feeding schedule

by 2 weeks of age, feeding will be reduced to

6 feedings

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feeding schedule

by 2 months of age, most infants are fed _____ and sleep thru the night

5x a day

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feeding schedule

by 6 months of age, babies consume _____ meals and _____milk feedings a day

3 meals and 4 milk feedings

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infant is getting enough to eat if

urination is _____ times a day

6-8 x

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infant is getting enough to eat if

number of stools a day for the first few weeks

1-2 stools

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infant is getting enough to eat if

adequate weight gain, good color and skin tone

feeding every 1.5 to 3 hrs. after which baby seems content

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feeding the baby with milk formula

mixture of milk, water, and some cho in appropriate proportions to meet the nutritional requirements of the infant

milk formula

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feeding the baby with milk formula

designed to stimulate human milk and is prepared in the most sterile manner possible

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types of milk formula according to form

prepared for feeding by mixing equal amounts of the liquids and water

(1:1)

liquid concentrates

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types of milk formula according to form

require no preparation available in different sizes

ready-to-feed formulas

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types of milk formula according to form

that are prepared by mixing 1 level tbsp of powder for each 2 oz of water

(1:2)

powdered formulas

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temperature of milk

well tolerated by 50% of young infants and 75% of older infants and gives good growth response as that which infants has been warmed to body temperature

cold formula

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nursing bottle syndrome

practice of offering infants a bottle at bedtime and allowing them to fall asleep with the bottle in the mouth causes _____

nursing-bottle syndrome

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2 methods of sterilization

standard aseptic sterilization
terminal sterilization

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methods of sterilization

all equipment used in preparing the formula, bottles, caps, and nipples are sterilized by steam for 5 mins

standard asceptic sterilization

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milk composition and recommended dilution for computations - MILK whole milk kcal: _____ kcal/100 ml & _____ kcal/oz protein: _____ g/100 ml

70 kcal; 20 kcal 2g/T

milk composition and recommended dilution for computations - MILK powdered whole milk: _____ kcal/T protein: _____ g/T

40 kcal 2g/T

milk composition and recommended dilution for computations - MILK kcal: _____ kcal/100 ml protein: _____ g/100 ml

146 kcal 7.3 g

milk composition and recommended dilution for computations - DILUTION whole milk < 3 months > 3 months

< 3months: 2:1 > 3 months: no dilution

milk composition and recommended dilution for computations - DILUTION powdered whole milk < 3 months > 3 months

< 3 months: 1:3 (1 part milk 3 parts water) > 3 months: 1:2

milk composition and recommended dilution for computations - DILUTION evaporated milk < 3 months > 3 months

< 3 months: 1 t/oz of water > 3 months: 1.5 t/oz of water

milk composition and recommended dilution for computations - # of sugar to add < 2 weeks

1/2 tsp per feeding

milk composition and recommended dilution for computations - # of sugar to add > 2 weeks to 7 months

1/2 tsp or 1 tsp per feeding

milk composition and recommended dilution for computations - # of sugar to add > 7 months: reduced until discontinued

introduction of solid foods transition from EBF to family foods and usually covers 6-8 to 24 months of age

complementary feeding

introduction of solid foods all infants should start receiving foods in addition to breastmilk from 6 months onwards

timely

introduction of solid foods the nutritional value of complementary foods should be comparable w/ breastmilk

adequate

introduction of solid foods measures are taken to minimize the risk of contamination with pathogens

safe

introduction of solid foods foods are appropriate texture and given in sufficient quality

appropriate

connotes changing from breastmilk to other milk or milk substitutes accustom to foods other than breastmilk or milk formula

weaning

begins at the first time the infant receives supplemental or solid nourishment

weaning

order of adding solid foods is as follows (6)

cereal foods fruits vegetables eggs munggo or other dried beans meat, fish, poultry

feeding-related concerns and dietary mgmt in infancy effortless expulsion of gastric contents caused by GI reflux, the result of the decreased pressure in the lower esophageal sphincter positioning infant at a 40-60 degrees angle may lessen regurgitation

regurgitation

feeding-related concerns and dietary mgmt in infancy acute abdominal pain that results to crying and being irritable eliminating milk from the mother's diet has helped some breastfed infants, while use of casein hydrosylate formula alleviate symptoms of some bottle-fed infants

colic

feeding-related concerns and dietary mgmt in infancy infants spit-up a small amount of any milk or food digested at each feed there is no therapy; the problem usually resolves itself by the time the infant can sustain a sitting position

spitting-up food

feeding-related concerns and dietary mgmt in infancy characterized by frequent passage of loose, watery, and unformed stools breastfeeding should continue the addition of food rich in pectin (banana) hastens the development of formed stools

diarrhea

hypersensitive state resulting from the interaction of an allergen with an antibody any food is potentially allergic; (egg, chicken, milk) are listed as common food allergens among infants the offending food should be eliminated and acceptable substitutes offered

food allergy

simultaneous with the child's need for the right quality and quantity of the food to ensure the growth of his body is the child's need for sensory stimuli and enriching experiences to attain the maximum potential for his developing brain

mental feeding

objective: promote the total development of both mind and body of children during the crucial period from conception to age 5

mental feeding

age range of mental feeding

0-5 y/o

local nutrition program and policies a comprehensive and integrated package of services and communication on health, nutrition, and environment for children available everyday at various settings such as home, school, health facilities and communities by government and non-government organizations, private sectors, and civic groups

expanded garantisadong pambata

local nutrition program and policies all sick children aged 2 months up to 5 years are examined for general danger these signes indicate immediate referral or admission to hospital

integrated management of childhood illness (IMCI)

local nutrition program and policies integrated management of childhood illness (IMCI): the child's illness is classified based on a color-coded triage system color: ? for urgent hospital referral or admission

pink

local nutrition program and policies integrated management of childhood illness (IMCI): the child's illness is classified based on a color-coded triage system color: ? initiation of specific outpatient treatment

yellow

local nutrition program and policies integrated management of childhood illness (IMCI): the child's illness is classified based on a color-coded triage system color: ? for supportive home care

green

local nutrition program and policies - micronutrient program is the provision of pharmaceutically prepared vitamins and minerals for treatment or prevention of specific micronutrient deficiency

micronutrient supplementation

local nutrition program and policies - micronutrient program the addition of essential micronutrients to widely consumed food product at levels above the normal state

food fortification

local nutrition program and policies - micronutrient program the adoption of proper food and nutrition practices thru nutrition education, food production, and consumption

improving diet/dietary divsersification

local nutrition program and policies - micronutrient program is an educational strategy for promoting child health, human development, and quality of life through sequential measurement of physical growth and development of individuals in the community

growth monitoring and development

measles elimination campaign

ligtas tigdas

local nutrition program and policies - nutrition during school age school age is from what age

5-12 y/o

local nutrition program and policies - nutrition during school age school age (5-12 y/o) is also called as the

latent time of growth

local nutrition program and policies - nutrition during school age it is characterized by the slowing down of the rate of growth and when the body changes occur gradually

nutrition during school age

nutrition during school age - wt and ht weight and height added each year

ht: 2-2.5 in wt: 3-6 lbs

nutrition during school age - wt and ht male and female size are comparable until age 9-10. the increase of _____ is an initial indication of onset of growth spurt

foot size

nutrition during school age - wt and ht adult height can be predicted from height during _____

school years

nutrition during school age - wt and ht the average girl is _____ and _____ than the average boy by 13 y/o

taller and heavier

nutrition during school age - wt and ht male growth spurt begins at _____ years old

12-16 y/o

nutrition during school age - body proportions accounts 66% of height increases until adolescence

leg growth

nutrition during school age - body proportions permanent teeth except for _____ and _____ molars set in by age 11-12, accompanied by great susceptibility to cavities during these years

2nd and 3rd molars

nutrition during school age - body compositions (muscle and fat) grows slowly and is proportionally slower than in other ages

heart

nutrition during school age - body compositions (skeleton) bone growth is concentrated in _____ (3)

legs, arms, face

nutrition during school age - body compositions (skeleton) there is more flexibility because of less firmly attached _____ and more space between bones

ligaments

nutrition during school age - body compositions (skeleton) _____ is still in the process

ossification

nutrition during school age - body compositions (brain) growth of these slow down

brain and head

nutrition during school age - body compositions (brain) brain growth is essentially complete by age

10-12 y/o

nutrition during school age - body compositions (perceptual development) - VISION there is normal 20/20 vision between ages 9-11 years old by 6 y/o the _____ is established

binocular vision

nutrition during school age - body compositions (perceptual development) - VISION may be found in higher percentage among boys than girls

colorblindness

nutrition during school age - body compositions (perceptual development) - HEARING the most common cause of hearing loss in kindergarten and grade 1 is _____

otitis media

nutrition during school age - body compositions (perceptual development) - HEARING it is important to treat hearing loss because of its impact on _____

language development

nutrition during school age - other systems the ____ matures, thus experiences fewer stomach upsets and greater stomach capacity

gi system

nutrition during school age - other systems continue to grow, with less abdominal breathing; the capacity of the lung increases, and respiration rate decreases

lungs

nutrition during school age - other systems the _____ (2) control is well established; the capacity of the bladder is greater than girls than boys

bowel and bladder control

nutrition during school age - psychosocial development core problem

tension between industry vs inferiority

nutrition during school age period of time shortly after a slow growth period when the rate of weight and height gains is likely to be faster than expected for age and gender

catch-up growth

nutrition during school age - nutritional requirements and nutritional problems 3 functions of the diet for the child are

1. provide fuel for muscular activity 2. supply the necessary chemical elements and compounds; the child's body requires growth and repair of worn-out tissues 3. give pleasure and satisfaction to the child

nutrition during school age - nutritional requirements and rationale (TER) child's energy requirement is determined by his (3)

age, basal metabolism, activity

nutrition during school age - nutritional requirements and rationale (CHON) child's protein requirement is relatively _____ in relation to the body weight than those of an adult

higher

nutrition during school age - nutritional requirements and rationale (CHON) this is for the period of _____ and lower during period of slower growth

rapid growth

nutrition during school age - nutritional requirements and rationale (CHON) adequate chon intake for a child contains sufficient amounts of all the essential amino acids to cover maintenance needs besides providing an extra amount of chon compatible w/ growth

nutrition during school age - nutritional requirements and rationale (FAT-SOLUBLE VITAMINS) allowances should be provided because of the high incidence of this deficiency in this age group

vitamin a

nutrition during school age - nutritional requirements and rationale (WATER-SOLUBLE VITAMINS) active in the formation and maintenance of intercellular material, and increases the resistance against the infectious diseased

vitamin c

nutrition during school age - nutritional requirements and rationale (MINERALS) electrolytes such as (2) are mainly involved in regulating the water balance of the body

sodium and potassium

nutrition during school age - nutritional requirements and rationale (MINERALS) bone materials (2) play a role as cofactor in proteins, regulating muscle function, blood clotting, and cellular energy expenditure

calcium and phosphorus

nutrition during school age - nutritional requirements and rationale (MINERALS) trace elements such as _____ are involved in o2 transport

iron

nutrition during school age - nutritional requirements and rationale (MINERALS) vital to energy metabolism, protein synthesis, growth, and sexual maturation

zinc

nutrition during school age - nutritional requirements and rationale a healthy child requires a total daily fluid intake of: of glasses liters/day

4-6 glasses 1 to 1.5L per day