Chapter 3: Nutritional Assessment

Question 1

yellow color of colostrum is due to

Answer 1

carotene content

Question 2

colostrum nutritional components

Answer 2

ore chon, less sugar and fat

Question 3

solution of chon, sugar, and salts

Answer 3

human milk

Question 4

T/F composition of human milk varies from one human to another

Answer 4

T

Question 5

assessment of nutritional status pertains to the “interpretation of information derived from dietary, biochemical, anthropometric, and clinical studies”

Answer 5

nutrition assessment

Question 6

information is used to determine the health status of individuals or population groups as influenced by their intake and utilization of nutrients

Answer 6

nutrition assessment

Question 7

condition of the body resulting from the intake, absorption, and utilization of food

Answer 7

nutritional status

Question 8

done to establish the nature and etiology of the problem in order to provide the appropriate treatment and prevent reoccurrence of the problem

Answer 8

nutritional assessment, individuals

Question 9

done to establish the extent and distribution of the problem, determine the associated environmental factors in order to provide appropriate health and nutrition services, and facilitate the implementation of preventive programs

Answer 9

nutritional assessment, community

Question 10

is usually initiated by inadequate dietary intake of one or more nutrients resulting from either a low content in indigenous food sources and/or presence of exogenous factors which interferes with ingestion, absorption, and metabolism of the nutrients

Answer 10

nutritional deficiency

Question 11

provide a measure of the biological significance of a given nutrient because they assess the functional consequences of nutritional deficiency

ex:
easy fatiguability (iron)
taste acuity (zinc)
dark adaptation (vitamin a)

Answer 11

functional tests

Question 12

factors to consider in designing nut assessment systems

major basis for selecting the design of the assessment system and the measurements or indices

Answer 12

study objectives

Question 13

factors to consider in designing nut assessment systems

adequacy with which any measurement, index, or indicator reflects what it is intended to measure

Answer 13

validity

Question 14

factors to consider in designing nut assessment systems

the degree to which repeated measurements of the same variable give the same value

reduced by random measurement errors

Answer 14

precision or reproducibility

Question 15

factors to consider in designing nut assessment systems

term to describe the extent to which the measurement is close to the tre value

reduced to systematic errors or bias

Answer 15

accuracy

Question 16

factors to consider in designing nut assessment systems

generate deviation from the correct result due to chance alone

Answer 16

random errors

Question 17

factors to consider in designing nut assessment systems

or bias causes a result to depart from the true value in a consistent direction

error reduces the accuracy of a measurement

Answer 17

systematic errors

Question 18

factors to consider in designing nut assessment systems

defined as a characteristic that is distributed differently in the study and control groups, may influence the outcome being assessed

special type of bias which affets the validity of a study

Answer 18

confounding or a confounding variable

Question 19

factors to consider in designing nut assessment systems

of an index or indicator by which the index or indicator reflects the nutritional status or predicts changes in nutriture

Answer 19

sensitivity (Se)

Question 20

factors to consider in designing nut assessment systems

of an index or indicator refers to the ability of the index or indicator to identify and classify those persons who are genuinely well nourished

Answer 20

specificity (Sp)

Question 21

factors to consider in designing nut assessment systems

likelihood that a test correctly predicts the presence or absence of malnutrition or a disease

Answer 21

predictive value (PV)

Question 22

factors to consider in designing nut assessment systems

the number of individuals with malnutrition or disease during a given time period

the proportion of individuals who really are malnourished or infected with the disease divided by the sample population

Answer 22

prevalence

Question 23

data obtained from the different assessment methods

have no meaning, unless they are related to demographic factors (age or sex)

Answer 23

raw or actual measurements

Question 24

raw measurements combined together

indices are often evaluated at the population level by comparing them with predetermined limits or cut-off points of reference standards

Answer 24

index or indices

Question 25

used to facilitate interpretation of data collected thru the nutritional assessment systems either at the population or individual levels

Answer 25

indices

Question 26

measurable variables used as a representation of an associated factor or quantity

Answer 26

indicators

Question 27

can be used to derive reference limits and a reference interval

Answer 27

reference distribution

Question 28

obtained from the reference sample group the distribution of these reference value forms the reference distribution

Answer 28

reference values

Question 29

obtained from healthy reference sample group

Answer 29

reference values

Question 30

generally defined so that a stated fraction of the reference values would be less than or equal to the limit, with a stated probability

Answer 30

reference values

Question 31

based on the relationship between nutritional assessment indices and low body stores, functional impairment, or clinical signs of deficiencies

Answer 31

cut-off points

Question 32

may highlight regions or populations, where specific nutrient deficiencies are likely to occur, or may serve to monitor and evaluate intervention programs

Answer 32

trigger levels