Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

CPHN > Chapter 3: Biochemical Assessment > Flashcards

Chapter 3: Biochemical Assessment Flashcards

1
Q

measurement of a nutrient and its metabolite in blood, feces, urine, or blood which has a relationship to nutritional status

A

biochemical assessment

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

considered as a more objective and precise approach than the other methods

A

biochemical assessment

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

biochemical assessment - types

measure levels of the nutrients in biological specimens on the assumption that such tests reflect the total body nutrient content or the nutrient store most sensitive to depletion

A

static biochemical tests

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

biochemical assessment - types

show the change of nutrient concentration in any given specimen which is most sensitive to nutritional change

A

static biochemical tests

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

biochemical assessment - types

measure the level rather than the function of a nutrient and provide information on the degree of deficiency of the particularly body pool sampled rather than the whole body status

A

static biochemical tests

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

biochemical assessment - types

changes in the activities of enzymes dependent on a specific nutrient or in the concentrations of specific blood components dependent on a given nutrient

A

functional biochemical tests

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

biochemical assessment - types

assess the consequence of the nutrient deficiency by measuring changes in the activities of a specific enzyme

A

functional biochemical tests

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

potential confounders of biochemical assessment

predictive values or cut-off point for a certain group, age, sex, ethnics, physiological state or environmental condition

A

reference/standards

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

potential confounders of biochemical assessment

contamination or lysis, time of collection, handling in certain temperature, exposed to sunlight, use of certain anticoagulant, method of configuration, sample storage, and transportation

A

specimen

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

commonly used specimen

(serum/plasma): protein, lipids, chon, vitamins, minerals

A

blood

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

commonly used specimen

preferred for most hematologic examinations

A

venous blood

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

commonly used specimen

gives different results compared to venous blood

A

capillary

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

commonly used specimen

reflects chronic status

A

erythrocyte

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

commonly used specimen

reflects acute nutrient status; age and size of the cell determine nutrient content

infection influences nutrients concentration in the cells

A

leucocyte

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

commonly used specimen

protein, vitamins, sodium, potassium, iodine, selenium, chromium

A

urine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

commonly used specimen

readily available and non-invasive

A

urine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

commonly used specimen

a pre-requisite when used as specimen to determine nutritional status

A

normal renal function

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

most preferred as concentration of nutrient metabolite is not equally distributed throughout the day

A

24-hr urine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

influence of infection/inflammation on nutritional biomarkers

can cause immediate lower concentration of nutrient biomarkers due to increased micronutrient loss and decreased stores

A

infection or inflammation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

influence of infection/inflammation on nutritional biomarkers

influences the concentration of serum retinol, carotenoids, pyridoxal phosphate, vitamin c, ferritin, zinc, or selenium

may not give a true indication of their status

A

subclinical infection

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

influence of infection/inflammation on nutritional biomarkers

recommended to include acute phase protein measurement when dealing with assessment of nut status

A

world health org

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

a condition in which there are no mobilizable iron stores and signs of a compromised supply of iron to tissues are noted

A

iron deficiency anemia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

a condition where a lack of iron in the body leads to a reduction in the number of red blood cells, as reflected in low hemoglobin levels

A

iron deficiency anemia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

is the gold standard for the quantitative determination of hemoglobin

A

cyanmethemoglobin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

hemoglobin determination involves collecting blood through finger prick, _____ of whole blood is pipetted directly into a tube containing 5 ml of cyanmethemoglobin solution

A

20 ul

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

is defines as hemoglobin concentration below a specified cut-off point, which can change according to the age, gender, physiological status, smoking habits, and altitude at which the population being assessed lives

A

enamia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

WHO defines anemia in children under 5 y/o and pregnant as a hemoglobin concentration _____ at sea level

A

<110 g/l

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

hemoglobin values which anemia is likely to be present in populations at sea level - normal hemoglobin level

6 mos-6 y/o
pregnant women

A

11.0 g/dL

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

hemoglobin values which anemia is likely to be present in populations at sea level - normal hemoglobin level

6.1-14 y/o
females, >15 y/o (non-pregnant/non-lactating)
lactating women

A

12.0 g/dL

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

hemoglobin values which anemia is likely to be present in populations at sea level - normal hemoglobin level

males, >15 y/o

A

13.0 g/dL

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

classification of public health significance of anemia in populations on the basis of prevalence estimated from blood levels of hemoglobin

severe

A

prevalence of anemia: >40.0%

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

classification of public health significance of anemia in populations on the basis of prevalence estimated from blood levels of hemoglobin

moderate

A

prevalence of anemia: 20.0-39.9%

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
33
Q

classification of public health significance of anemia in populations on the basis of prevalence estimated from blood levels of hemoglobin

mild

A

prevalence of anemia: 5.0-19.9%

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
34
Q

classification of public health significance of anemia in populations on the basis of prevalence estimated from blood levels of hemoglobin

low

A

prevalence of anemia: <4.9%

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
35
Q

is the lack of vitamin a in the body

A

vitamin a deficiency

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
36
Q

occurs where diets contain insufficient vitamin a for meeting the needs for growth and development, physiological functions and illness

A

vitamin a deficiency

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
37
Q

leading cause of blindness in children and increases the risk of disease and death from sever infections, may be aggravated by high rates of infection, esp. diarrhea and measles

A

vitamin a deficiency

38
Q

blood concentrations of _____ in plasma or serum are used to assess subclinical vitamin a deficiency

A

retinol

39
Q

a plasma or serum retinol concentration _____ umol/l indicates subclinical vitamin a deficiency in children and adults

A

<0.70 umol/l

40
Q

indicate severe vitamin a deficiency

A

<0.35 umol/l

41
Q

guidelines used for the interpretation of vitamin a biochemical data - ug/dL

deficient

A

<10 ug/dL

42
Q

guidelines used for the interpretation of vitamin a biochemical data - ug/dL

low

A

10-19 ug/dL

43
Q

guidelines used for the interpretation of vitamin a biochemical data - ug/dL

acceptable

A

20-49 ug/dL

44
Q

guidelines used for the interpretation of vitamin a biochemical data - ug/dL

high

A

> 50 ug/dL

45
Q

guidelines used for the interpretation of vitamin a biochemical data - umol/L

deficient

A

<0.35 umol/L

46
Q

guidelines used for the interpretation of vitamin a biochemical data - umol/L

low

A

0.35-0.69 umol/L

47
Q

guidelines used for the interpretation of vitamin a biochemical data - umol/L

acceptable

A

0.70-1.74 umol/L

48
Q

guidelines used for the interpretation of vitamin a biochemical data - umol/L

high

A

> 1.75 umol/L

49
Q

prevalence cut-offs to define vitamin a deficiency in a population and its level of public health significance

mild

A

2 - <10%

50
Q

prevalence cut-offs to define vitamin a deficiency in a population and its level of public health significance

moderate

A

10- <20%

51
Q

prevalence cut-offs to define vitamin a deficiency in a population and its level of public health significance

severe

A

> 20%

52
Q

main indicator of iodine status in all age groups, because its measurement is relatively non-invasive and easy to perform

A

median iodine concentration

53
Q

adequate iodine nutrition is considered to pertain when the median urinary iodine concentration is

A

100-199 ug/l

54
Q

the indicator of iodine deficiency “elimination” is a median value of _____, that is, 50% of the sample should be above 100 ug/L and not more than 20% of the samples should be below

A

100 ug/L

55
Q

urinary iodine excretion determination: urine collection field storage and transport

A

15 ml mid-stream

56
Q

epidemiological criteria for assessment of iodine nutrition in a population based on median or range of urinary iodine concentrations in school-aged children (>6 y/o)

iodine intake: insufficient
iodine status: severe iodine deficiency
urinary iodine excretion (UIE): ? ug/L

A

<20 ug/L

57
Q

epidemiological criteria for assessment of iodine nutrition in a population based on median or range of urinary iodine concentrations in school-aged children (>6 y/o)

iodine intake: insufficient
iodine status: moderate iodine deficiency
urinary iodine excretion (UIE): ? ug/L

A

20-49 ug/L

58
Q

epidemiological criteria for assessment of iodine nutrition in a population based on median or range of urinary iodine concentrations in school-aged children (>6 y/o)

iodine intake: insufficient
iodine status: mild iodine deficiency
urinary iodine excretion (UIE): ? ug/L

A

50-99 ug/dL

59
Q

epidemiological criteria for assessment of iodine nutrition in a population based on median or range of urinary iodine concentrations in school-aged children (>6 y/o)

iodine intake: adequate
iodine status: optimal
urinary iodine excretion (UIE): ? ug/L

A

100-199 ug/dL

60
Q

epidemiological criteria for assessment of iodine nutrition in a population based on median or range of urinary iodine concentrations in school-aged children (>6 y/o)

iodine intake: more than adequate
iodine status: risk of induced hyperthyroidism in susceptible groups
urinary iodine excretion (UIE): ? ug/L

A

200-299 ug/dL

61
Q

epidemiological criteria for assessment of iodine nutrition in a population based on median or range of urinary iodine concentrations in school-aged children (>6 y/o)

iodine intake: excessive
iodine status: risk of adverse health consequences
urinary iodine excretion (UIE): ? ug/L

A

> 300 ug/dL

62
Q

guidelines for interpretation of serum 25-hydroxy vitamin D

deficient

A

<50 mmol/mL

63
Q

guidelines for interpretation of serum 25-hydroxy vitamin D

insufficient

A

50 - <75 mmol/mL

64
Q

guidelines for interpretation of serum 25-hydroxy vitamin D

sufficient

A

> 75 mmol/mL

65
Q

suggested guidelines for public health concern for zinc deficiency

low

A

<5%

66
Q

suggested guidelines for public health concern for zinc deficiency

moderate

A

5 - <10%

67
Q

suggested guidelines for public health concern for zinc deficiency

moderately high

A

9 - 20%

68
Q

suggested guidelines for public health concern for zinc deficiency

high

A

> 20%

69
Q

condition:
nutrient: protein and energy

A

protein-energy malnutrition (kwashiorkor, nutritional marasmus)

70
Q

condition:
nutrient: vitamin a

A

xerophthalmia

71
Q

condition:
nutrient: thiamine (vitamin b1)

A

beriberi, wernicke’s encelopathy

72
Q

condition:
nutrient: riboflavin

A

ariboflavinosis

73
Q

condition:
nutrient: niacin

A

pellagra

74
Q

condition:
nutrient: ascorbic acid (vitamin c)

A

scurvy

75
Q

condition:
nutrient: folate, vitamin b12

A

megaloblastic anemia

76
Q

condition:
nutrient: vitamin d

A

rickets, osteomalacia

77
Q

condition:
nutrient: iodine

A

iodine deficiency disorders, goiter, cretinism

78
Q

condition:
nutrient: zinc

A

zinc deficiency

79
Q

condition:
nutrient: iron

A

microcytic anemia

80
Q

condition:
nutrient: fluoride

A

dental caries

81
Q

lab test: low total serum protein and very low serum albumin levels, low levels of digestive enzymes

A

kwashiorkor

82
Q

lab test: low urinary hydroxyproline

A

marasmus

83
Q

lab test: low serum vitamin a levels; altered relative dose response, changed cytology of conjunctival cells

A

xerophthalmia

84
Q

lab test: low whole blood or erythrocyte transketolase, low urinary thiamine in 24-hr urine collections or per gram of creatinine, low thiamine in whole blood

A

beriberi, wernicke’s encelopathy

85
Q

lab test: raised levels of erythrocyte glutathione reductase, low urinary riboflavin levels in 24hr urine collections or per gram of creatinine

A

ariboflavinosis

86
Q

lab test: low levels or urinary n-methyl-nicotinamide in 24hr urine collections or per gram of creatinine, low niacin in whole blood

A

pellagra

87
Q

lab test: low leucocyte vitamin c; low serum ascorbate levels

A

scurvy

88
Q

lab test: low hemoglobin, hyper segmentation of polymorphonuclear leucocytes, megaloblastic red blood cells, macrocytic red blood cells, low levels of serum folate

A

megaloblastic anemia

89
Q

lab test: low plasma 25-hydroxycholecalciferol levels; increased plasma alkaline phosphatase

A

rickets, osteomalacia

90
Q

lab test: low hemoglobin, low serum ferritin, low transferrin saturation, raised free erythrocyte protoporphyrin, hypochromic macrocytic red blood cells

A

microcytic anemia

91
Q

lab test: low urinary iodine levels

A

goiter, cretinism, iodine disorders

92
Q

lab test: decreased plasma zinc levels

A

zinc deficiency

CPHN (22 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions