Chapter 37

Question 1

sexual reproduction

Answer 1

genes of two individuals are combined to produce offspring

Question 2

gametes

Answer 2

reproductive cells produced by meiosis

Question 3

ova

Answer 3

gametes of the female parent, large and nonmotile

Question 4

spermatozoa

Answer 4

gametes of the male, small and motile with flagella

Question 5

asexual reproduction

Answer 5

offspring are produced by just a single parent through mitosis

Question 6

primary reproductive organs

Answer 6

gonads (ovaries and testes)

Question 7

accessory reproductive organs

Answer 7

reproductive organs other than the gonads

Question 8

secondary sexual characteristics

Answer 8

properties of non reproductive tissues and organs that are distinctive in each sex

Question 9

gametogenesis

Answer 9

the process by which gametes are produced

Question 10

germ cells

Answer 10

cells in the gonads that are capable of undergoing meiosis to produce gametes

Question 11

spermatogenesis

Answer 11

gamete production in males

Question 12

oogenesis

Answer 12

gamete production in females

Question 13

Sertoli cells

Answer 13

assist sperm production

Question 14

interstitial cells

Answer 14

produce the steroid sex hormone testosterone

Question 15

vas deferens

Answer 15

tube that carries the sperm out of the testis during ejaculation

Question 16

ovarian follicle

Answer 16

developing ovum and its support cells

Question 17

oocyte

Answer 17

developing ovum

Question 18

ovulation

Answer 18

the release of an ovum from the ovary

Question 19

spawning

Answer 19

when aquatic animals release gametes into the environment

Question 20

external fertilisation

Answer 20

fertilisation occurs outside the female’s body

Question 21

internal fertilisation

Answer 21

sperm is inserted into the reproductive tract of a female

Question 22

sex determination

Answer 22

the process by which the sex of an individual becomes fixed

Question 23

environmental sex determination

Answer 23

the sex of each individual is determined by the temperature it experiences during its embryonic development

Question 24

embryonic diapause

Answer 24

programmed state of arrested or profoundly slowed embryonic development

Question 25

delayed implantation

Answer 25

postpones the implantation of the blastocyst into the endometrium

Question 26

semelparous

Answer 26

each individual is physiologically programmed to reproduce only once

Question 27

iteroparous

Answer 27

individuals are physiologically capable of two or more separate periods of reproductive activity during their lives

Question 28

photoperiod

Answer 28

amount of daylight per 24-hour day, acts as an environmental cue for some reproductive cycles