Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

AP Biology > Chapter 13 > Flashcards

Chapter 13 Flashcards

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
AP® Biology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

recombinant DNA

A

single DNA molecule containing DNA sequences from two or more sources

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

what role do restriction enzymes play in DNA manipulation?

A

cutting DNA into pieces

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

what role does gel electrophoresis play in DNA manipulation?

A

analysis and purification of DNA fragments

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

what role does DNA ligase play in DNA manipulation?

A

joins DNA fragments together in novel combinations

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

how can bacteria use restriction enzymes to defend against invasions

A

produce restriction enzymes that cut double-stranded DNA molecules into smaller, noninfectious fragments

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

restriction site

A

a specific sequence of bases where restriction enzymes cleave

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

in what manner do enzymes cut the DNA?

A

leave a short sequence of single stranded DNA at each end

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

what information about DNA can gel electrophoresis yield?

A

number of fragments, sizes of fragments, relative abundance of a fragment

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

DNA ligase

A

catalyses the joining of DNA fragments by making phosphodiester bonds between them

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

how are Okazaki fragments joined during DNA replication?

A

by DNA ligase

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

clone

A

produce many identical copies

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

transformation

A

inserting recombinant DNA into host cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

transfection

A

transformation but specific to when host cells are derived from an animal

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

transgenic

A

host cell or organism that contains recombinant DNA

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

selectable marker

A

helps grow only the transgenic cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

electroportaion

A

a short electric shock used to create temporary pores in the membranes through which the DNA can enter

17
Q

replicon

A

segment of DNA that contains an origin of replication

18
Q

vector

A

part of a carrier DNA sequence that the newly introduced DNA can enter the host cell with

19
Q

plasmids

A

small, circular DNA molecules that replicate autonomously in many prokaryotic cells

20
Q

reporter gene

A

any gene whose expression is easily assayed

21
Q

genomic library

A

collection of DNA fragments that together comprise the genome of an organism

22
Q

cDNA

A

complementary DNA

23
Q

cDNA library

A

transcription pattern of the cells in the sample at a certain point in time

24
Q

RT-PCR

A

using reverse transcriptase to make cDNA from RNA and then using PCR to amplify a specific sequence from the cDNA

25
Q

homologous recombination

A

involves an exchange of DNA between molecules with identical, or nearly identical, sequences

26
Q

stem cell

A

unspecialised cell that divides and differentiates into specialised cells

27
Q

RNA interference

A

mechanisms for preventing mRNA translation

28
Q

antisense RNA

A

RNA that binds by base pairing to the sense bases on the target mRNAs

29
Q

why do siRNAs target specific mRNA molecules?

A

their sequences exactly match the target sequences in the mRNAs

30
Q

what can miRNAs do since they do not match their targets perfectly?

A

reduce the expression of multiple, partially matching genes

31
Q

expression vectors

A

vectors that also have extra sequences needed for the foreign gene to be expressed in the host cell

32
Q

inducible promoter

A

responds to a specific signal

33
Q

tissue-specific promoter

A

expressed only in a certain tissue at a certain time

34
Q

signal sequences

A

can be added so that the gene product is directed to an appropriate desgination

35
Q

pharming

A

the production of pharmaceuticals in farm animals or plants

36
Q

advantages of recombinant DNA technology

A

ability to identify specific genes, ability to introduce any gene from any organism into a plant or animal species, ability to generate new organisms quickly

37
Q

bioremediation

A

the use by humans of other organisms to remove contaminants from the environment

AP Biology (19 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions