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CNA > Chapter 35 Nervous System And Musculoskeletal Disorders > Flashcards

Chapter 35 Nervous System And Musculoskeletal Disorders Flashcards

1
Q

Amputation

A

The removal of all or part of an extremely

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2
Q

Arthritis

A

Joint (Arthr) inflammation (itis)

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3
Q

Arthroplasty

A

The surgical replacement (plasty) of the joint (arthr)

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4
Q

Closed fracture

A

The bone is broken but the skin is intact; simple fracture

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5
Q

Compound fracture

A

See open fracture

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6
Q

Fracture

A

A broken bone

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7
Q

Gangrene

A

A condition in which there is death of tissue

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8
Q

Hemiplegia

A

Paralysis (plegia) on one side (hemi) of the body

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9
Q

Open fracture

A

the broken bone has come through the skin; compound fracture

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10
Q

Paralysis

A

Loss of motor function, loss of sensation, or both

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11
Q

Paraplegia

A

Paralysis in the legs and trunk

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12
Q

Quadriplegia

A

Paralysis in the arms, legs, and trunk; tetraplegia

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13
Q

Simple fracture

A

See closed fracture

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14
Q

Tetraplegia

A

See quadriplegia

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15
Q

AKA

A

Above the knee amputation

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16
Q

ALS

A

Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis

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17
Q

BKA

A

Below the knee amputation

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18
Q

CVA

A

Cerebrovascular accident

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19
Q

EMS

A

Emergency Medical Services

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20
Q

FAST

A

Facial drooping, Arm weakness, speech difficulty, Time to call EMS

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21
Q

MS

A

Multiple sclerosis

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22
Q

RA

A

Rheumatoid arthritis

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23
Q

ROM

A

Range of Motion

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24
Q

TBI

A

Traumatic brain injury

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25
Q

TIA

A

Transient ischemic attack

26
Q

Stroke

A

Disease affecting the arteries that supply blood to the brain.
Called brain attack or cerebrovascular accident (CVA)
•blood vessel in the brain bursts. Bleeding occurs in the brain (cerebral hemorrhage)
•Blood clots blocks blood flow to the brain. Brain cells in the affected area do not get enough oxygen and nutrients.
Brain cell die. Brain damage Occurs!

27
Q

Strokes are the

A

3rd leading cause of death in the united state
Lead to disability in adults.

28
Q

Strokes can occur

A

Suddenly
Person may have warning signs.

29
Q

Risk factors for stroke

A

•age / older person are at greater risk than younger people
•family history /risk increases if a parent sister or brother has stroke.
•Gender/ both men and women are affected
•Race / Blacks are at greater risk than other groups, cause of high rate of hypertension and diabetes
•Hypertension (high blood pressure) this is damages and weakens blood vessels. Clots can form or arteries can burst.
• Heart disease / cancer increases risk
•Smoking/ blood vessel are damaged. The nicotine in cigarettes makes the heart work harder increasing heart rate and raising blood pressure.
•Diabetes/ blood vessel are damaged
•high blood cholesterol/ fatty materials build up on the walls of artery and block blood flow.
•obesity/ overweight risk of blood pressure, heart disease, diabetes, and high blood cholesterol
•Previous stroke or TIA / person who had a stroke or TIA are at greater risks

30
Q

Neglect,

A

The person may forget about or ignore the weaker side. It is from the loss of vision or movement and feeling on that side.

31
Q

Parkinson’s disease

A

Slow, progressive disorder with no cure. The area of the brain controlling muscle movement is affected. Person over the age of 50 are at risk.
•Tremors- often start in one finger and spread to the whole arm. Pill-rolling movement-rubbing the thumb and index finger-may occur.
•

32
Q

Multiple sclerosis

A

Is a chronic disease ( multiple means many) sclerosis means hardening or scarring)
The myelin (which covers nerve fibers) in the brain and spinal cord is destroyed. There is no cure
Symptoms often start between ages 20 and 40 more women are affected than men. Whites are at greater risk. Risk increases if family member has MS.

33
Q

Traumatic Brain injury

A

Head injuries result from trauma to the scalp, skull, or brain. Brain tissue is damaged is bruised or torn. Bleeding in the brain or in nearby tissue.
Motor vehicle crashes, falls, and firearm are common causes!

34
Q

Spinal cord injuries can permanently damage the nervous system

A

•incomplete- the spinal cord can send messages to and from the brain.
sensory or motor (movement) function below the level of injury
•complete - spinal cord cannot send message to and from brain the person has no sensory or motor function below the level of injury.
Higher level more function lost
•Lumbar injuries- sensory and muscle function in the legs are lost
• thoracic injuries- sensory and muscles function below the chest is lost
•Cervical injuries- sensory and muscle functions of the arm legs and truck are lost.
Cervical traction may be needed. Special bed to keep the spine straight at all times.

35
Q

Musculoskeletal disorder

A

Affects movement

36
Q

Osteoarthritis (degenerative joint disease)

A

Common type of arthritis.
Aging being overweight and joint injury are caused.
Stress muscle weakness, and heredity are other causes.
Pain relief
Heat and cold application
Exercise
Rest and joint care
Weight control
Healthy lifestyle

37
Q

Rheumatoid arthritis

A

Chronic inflammatory disease.
Causes joint pain swelling, stiffness, and loss of function.
More common in women than men ages 20,to 50 years old.

38
Q

Arthroplasty

A

Is the surgical replacement(plasty)of the joint (arthro)
The damaged joint is removed and replaced with an artificial joint - a prosthesis

39
Q

Osteoporosis

A

The bone (osteo) becomes porous and brittle (porosis)
Bones are fragile and break easily.

•Spine, hip wrist and rib fractures are common.
•women risk increases after menopause.
Fractures are great risks from falls and accidents.
Prevention is important.

40
Q

A stroke also is called

A

A cerebrovascular accident

41
Q

Warning signals of stroke occur

A

Suddenly

42
Q

A person had a stroke. Which measures should you question?

A

Bed in the highest horizontal position

43
Q

A person has Parkinson’s disease. Which is false?

A

Mental function is affected first

44
Q

Parkinson’s disease

A

Is a slow, progressive disorder

45
Q

A person has multiple sclerosis. Which is false?

A

Only voluntary muscle are affected

46
Q

Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis affects nerve cells that control

A

Voluntary muscles

47
Q

A person has amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Which measures should you question?

A

Measures to prevent confusion

48
Q

Person with brain or spinal cord injury requires

A

Rehabilitation

49
Q

A person has quadriplegia from a spinal cord injury. Which measure should you question?

A

Assist with active ROM exercises

50
Q

Autonomic dysreflexia occurs

A

After spinal cord injuries

51
Q

Autonomic dysreflexia is usually triggered by

A

A full bladder

52
Q

Arthritis affects

A

The joints

53
Q

A person has arthritis. Care includes the following except

A

A cast or traction

54
Q

A person had hip replacement surgery. Which measures should you question?

A

Provide a chair with low seat

55
Q

A person with osteoporosis is at risk for

A

Fractures

56
Q

A cast needs to dry. Which is false?

A

The cast is covered with blankets and plastic

57
Q

A person has a cast. You report the following at once except

A

Pulse rate of 75 beats per minute

58
Q

A person is in traction. Care includes the following except

A

Removing weights if the person is uncomfortable

59
Q

After a hip pinning, the operates leg is

A

Abducted at all times

60
Q

After an amputation, the person

A

May be fitted with a prosthetic

61
Q

Which is false concerning amputation?

A

Refer to the portion of the limb that remains as the stump

CNA (45 decks)

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