Chapter 35 Nervous System And Musculoskeletal Disorders Flashcards
1
Q
Amputation
A
The removal of all or part of an extremely
2
Q
Arthritis
A
Joint (Arthr) inflammation (itis)
3
Q
Arthroplasty
A
The surgical replacement (plasty) of the joint (arthr)
4
Q
Closed fracture
A
The bone is broken but the skin is intact; simple fracture
5
Q
Compound fracture
A
See open fracture
6
Q
Fracture
A
A broken bone
7
Q
Gangrene
A
A condition in which there is death of tissue
8
Q
Hemiplegia
A
Paralysis (plegia) on one side (hemi) of the body
9
Q
Open fracture
A
the broken bone has come through the skin; compound fracture
10
Q
Paralysis
A
Loss of motor function, loss of sensation, or both
11
Q
Paraplegia
A
Paralysis in the legs and trunk
12
Q
Quadriplegia
A
Paralysis in the arms, legs, and trunk; tetraplegia
13
Q
Simple fracture
A
See closed fracture
14
Q
Tetraplegia
A
See quadriplegia
15
Q
AKA
A
Above the knee amputation
16
Q
ALS
A
Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis
17
Q
BKA
A
Below the knee amputation
18
Q
CVA
A
Cerebrovascular accident
19
Q
EMS
A
Emergency Medical Services
20
Q
FAST
A
Facial drooping, Arm weakness, speech difficulty, Time to call EMS
21
Q
MS
A
Multiple sclerosis
22
Q
RA
A
Rheumatoid arthritis
23
Q
ROM
A
Range of Motion
24
Q
TBI
A
Traumatic brain injury
25
TIA
Transient ischemic attack
26
Stroke
Disease affecting the arteries that supply blood to the brain.
Called brain attack or cerebrovascular accident (CVA)
•blood vessel in the brain bursts. Bleeding occurs in the brain (cerebral hemorrhage)
•Blood clots blocks blood flow to the brain. Brain cells in the affected area do not get enough oxygen and nutrients.
Brain cell die. Brain damage Occurs!
27
Strokes are the
3rd leading cause of death in the united state
Lead to disability in adults.
28
Strokes can occur
Suddenly
Person may have warning signs.
29
Risk factors for stroke
•age / older person are at greater risk than younger people
•family history /risk increases if a parent sister or brother has stroke.
•Gender/ both men and women are affected
•Race / Blacks are at greater risk than other groups, cause of high rate of hypertension and diabetes
•Hypertension (high blood pressure) this is damages and weakens blood vessels. Clots can form or arteries can burst.
• Heart disease / cancer increases risk
•Smoking/ blood vessel are damaged. The nicotine in cigarettes makes the heart work harder increasing heart rate and raising blood pressure.
•Diabetes/ blood vessel are damaged
•high blood cholesterol/ fatty materials build up on the walls of artery and block blood flow.
•obesity/ overweight risk of blood pressure, heart disease, diabetes, and high blood cholesterol
•Previous stroke or TIA / person who had a stroke or TIA are at greater risks
30
Neglect,
The person may forget about or ignore the weaker side. It is from the loss of vision or movement and feeling on that side.
31
Parkinson’s disease
Slow, progressive disorder with no cure. The area of the brain controlling muscle movement is affected. Person over the age of 50 are at risk.
•Tremors- often start in one finger and spread to the whole arm. Pill-rolling movement-rubbing the thumb and index finger-may occur.
•
32
Multiple sclerosis
Is a chronic disease ( multiple means many) sclerosis means hardening or scarring)
The myelin (which covers nerve fibers) in the brain and spinal cord is destroyed. There is no cure
Symptoms often start between ages 20 and 40 more women are affected than men. Whites are at greater risk. Risk increases if family member has MS.
33
Traumatic Brain injury
Head injuries result from trauma to the scalp, skull, or brain. Brain tissue is damaged is bruised or torn. Bleeding in the brain or in nearby tissue.
Motor vehicle crashes, falls, and firearm are common causes!
34
Spinal cord injuries can permanently damage the nervous system
•incomplete- the spinal cord can send messages to and from the brain.
sensory or motor (movement) function below the level of injury
•complete - spinal cord cannot send message to and from brain the person has no sensory or motor function below the level of injury.
Higher level more function lost
•Lumbar injuries- sensory and muscle function in the legs are lost
• thoracic injuries- sensory and muscles function below the chest is lost
•Cervical injuries- sensory and muscle functions of the arm legs and truck are lost.
Cervical traction may be needed. Special bed to keep the spine straight at all times.
35
Musculoskeletal disorder
Affects movement
36
Osteoarthritis (degenerative joint disease)
Common type of arthritis.
Aging being overweight and joint injury are caused.
Stress muscle weakness, and heredity are other causes.
Pain relief
Heat and cold application
Exercise
Rest and joint care
Weight control
Healthy lifestyle
37
Rheumatoid arthritis
Chronic inflammatory disease.
Causes joint pain swelling, stiffness, and loss of function.
More common in women than men ages 20,to 50 years old.
38
Arthroplasty
Is the surgical replacement(plasty)of the joint (arthro)
The damaged joint is removed and replaced with an artificial joint - a prosthesis
39
Osteoporosis
The bone (osteo) becomes porous and brittle (porosis)
Bones are fragile and break easily.
•Spine, hip wrist and rib fractures are common.
•women risk increases after menopause.
Fractures are great risks from falls and accidents.
Prevention is important.
40
A stroke also is called
A cerebrovascular accident
41
Warning signals of stroke occur
Suddenly
42
A person had a stroke. Which measures should you question?
Bed in the highest horizontal position
43
A person has Parkinson’s disease. Which is false?
Mental function is affected first
44
Parkinson’s disease
Is a slow, progressive disorder
45
A person has multiple sclerosis. Which is false?
Only voluntary muscle are affected
46
Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis affects nerve cells that control
Voluntary muscles
47
A person has amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Which measures should you question?
Measures to prevent confusion
48
Person with brain or spinal cord injury requires
Rehabilitation
49
A person has quadriplegia from a spinal cord injury. Which measure should you question?
Assist with active ROM exercises
50
Autonomic dysreflexia occurs
After spinal cord injuries
51
Autonomic dysreflexia is usually triggered by
A full bladder
52
Arthritis affects
The joints
53
A person has arthritis. Care includes the following except
A cast or traction
54
A person had hip replacement surgery. Which measures should you question?
Provide a chair with low seat
55
A person with osteoporosis is at risk for
Fractures
56
A cast needs to dry. Which is false?
The cast is covered with blankets and plastic
57
A person has a cast. You report the following at once except
Pulse rate of 75 beats per minute
58
A person is in traction. Care includes the following except
Removing weights if the person is uncomfortable
59
After a hip pinning, the operates leg is
Abducted at all times
60
After an amputation, the person
May be fitted with a prosthetic
61
Which is false concerning amputation?
Refer to the portion of the limb that remains as the stump
