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Neuroanatomy > Chapter 32 Divisions of the Cerebellum > Flashcards

Chapter 32 Divisions of the Cerebellum Flashcards

1
Q

Axons in the upper part of the posterior spinocerebellar and lower part of the cuneocerebellar tract carrying muscle stretch information from back muscles synapse on ____________ _______ in the cortex of the central strip of the cerebellum.

A

granule cells

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2
Q

The central 1/6 of the cerebellum, called the vermis, receives information about ___________ _________ in the ___________ of the ________.

A

muscle
stretch (or tone)
muscles
back

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3
Q

Granule cells in the vermis receive muscle stretch information from the ________ in mossy fibers of the ___________ _________________ and __________________ tracts.

A

back

posterior spinocerebellar cuneocerebellar

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4
Q

The granule cells in the cortex of the ____________ project muscle stretch information from the back to the __________ of ____________ _______ through _____________ fibers.

A

cerebellum
dendrites
Purkinje cells
horizontal (or parallel)

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5
Q

Purkinje cells in the vermis receive ___________ fibers from the medial accessory olivary nucleus.

A

climbing

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6
Q

The projections of the ________ ____________ __________ ________ to Purkinje cells in the vermis try to correct inadvertent errors of posture.

A

medial accessory olivary nucleus

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7
Q

Purkinje cells in the _________ of the cerebellum project their reactions to muscle stretch in the back to the fastigial nuclei.

A

vermis

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8
Q

Thus the fastigial nuclei receive Purkinje cell reactions to muscle stretch in the back from Purkinje cells in the_________ and Purkinje cell reactions to balance problems from Purkinje cells in the ___________________ _______.

A

vermis

flocculonodular lobe

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9
Q

The fastigial nuclei are concerned with both muscle tone in the _______ and ____________.

A

back

balance

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10
Q

The fastigial nuclei in the _______ of the _____ ____________ are flanked by the globose nuclei

A

roof

4th ventricle

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11
Q

The __________ nuclei that flank the fastigial nuclei are themselves flanked by the emboliform nuclei.

A

globose

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12
Q

The emboliform nuclei are lateral and slightly rostral to the __________ nuclei.

A

globose

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13
Q

The huge dentate nucleus is lateral to the other 3 deep cerebellar nuclei (or roof nuclei), which are, from medial to lateral: _____________, __________, and _________________.

A

fastigial, globose, and emboliform

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14
Q

One mnemonic for the medial to lateral _____________. __________, ________________. _________ sequence is “Fat Guys Eat Doughnuts.”

A

fastigial,
globose,
emboliform
dentate

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15
Q

Because they lie between the fastigial and dentate nuclei, the ___________ and _________________ nuclei are often called the interposed nuclei.

A

globose

emboliform

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16
Q

Muscle stretch information from the extremities is carried to the interposed nuclei and the cerebellar cortex by the _______-lateral ______________ ____________________ and ________________ tracts.

A

ipsi

posterior spinocerebellar cuneocerebellar

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17
Q

Axons in the posterior spinocerebellar and cuneocerebellar tracts split to synapse in an ______________ nucleus and on granule cells in the _____________ ________.

A

interposed cerebellar cortex

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18
Q

Axons in the posterior spinocerebellar and cuneocerebellar tracts reach the cerebellar cortex as ________ fibers that end on ____________ cells in the paravermal zone lateral to the vermis.

A

mossy

granule

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19
Q

The paravermal zone (or intermediate zone) is a pair of strips of cerebellar cortex lateral to the ________. Each strip is half as wide as the vermis.

A

vermis

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20
Q

The vermis is roughly twice as wide as the right (or left) _______________ ______.

A

paravermal zone

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21
Q

The granule cells in the paravermal zone project to the __________ of ___________ _______ in the outer layer of the cortex of the ______________ _______.

A

dendrites
Purkinje cells
paravermal zone

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22
Q

The Purkinje cells of the paravermal zone project to the interposed nuclei which lie lateral to the
____________ _______.

A

fastigial nucleus

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23
Q

The paravermal zone is defined as the area of the cerebellar cortex that projects to the _________ and _____________ nuclei.

A

globose

emboliform (in either order)

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24
Q

The interposed nuclei receive input from both ____________ cells and cells in the _________ __________ nucleus or the _________ __________ _________.

A

Purkinje
dorsal thoracic
accessory cuneate nucleus

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25
Q

The ____________ _________ can compare the intentions of Purkinje cells with the muscle tension reported by the spinocerebellar and cuneocerebellar tracts.

A

interposed nuclei

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26
Q

The interposed nuclei project the decisions of the ____________ _______ of the ______________ zone to the contralateral red nucleus and to the contralateral ventrolateral nucleus of the thalamus..

A

Purkinje cells

paravermal zone

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27
Q

The ventrolateral nucleus of the thalamus receives the projections of the ________-lateral ______________ ________ through the superior cerebellar peduncle.

A

contra-

interposed nuclei

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28
Q

The red nucleus receives the projections of the ________-lateral ______________ ________ through the superior cerebellar peduncle.

A

contra-

interposed nuclei

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29
Q

The superior cerebellar peduncles cross in the _________ ____________.

A

lower midbrain

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30
Q

The red nucleus projects to the dorsal accessory olivary nucleus through the __________ ________________ _______.

A

central tegmental tract

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31
Q

The dorsal accessory olivary nucleus also receives information from the spinal cord through the _______________ tract

A

spino-olivary

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32
Q

The dorsal accessory olivary nucleus sends ____________ fibers to the paravermal zone of the ________-lateral cerebellar cortex.

A

climbing

contra-

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33
Q

The feedback loop of Purkinje cell to _______________ _________ to ______ __________ to ________ ___________ ________ _________ to Purkinje cell allows the dorsal accessory olivary nucleus to detect and correct inappropriate muscle tone.

A

interposed nuclei red nucleus

dorsal accessory olivary nucleus

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34
Q

Inappropriate muscle tone is detected by neurons in the _______ ____________ _________ _________ and corrected by the synapses of climbing fibers on ___________ _________ in the _______________ cerebellar cortex

A

dorsal accessory olivary nucleu
nucleus Purkinje cells
contralateral

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35
Q

Purkinje cells in the cortex of the paravermal zone send instructions for muscle tone to the ._____________ nuclei which project to the contralateral ventrolateral thalamic nucleus and red nucleus.

A

interposed

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36
Q

The ventrolateral nucleus of the ___________ sends instructions to the premotor cortex (Brodmann area 6).

A

thalamus

37
Q

The paravermal zone of the cerebellar cortex projects to the premotor cortex by way of the ______________ _________ and the ______-lateral _______________ _________ of the thalamus

A

interposed nuclei contra- ventrolateral

38
Q

The vermis and paravermal zone are often discussed together as the spinocerebellum because they receive most of their input from the ___________ ____________________ and cuneocerebellar tracts.

A

posterior spinocerebellar

39
Q

The posterior spinocerebellar and cuneocerebellar tracts relay information from neurons in _________ ganglia

A

sensory (or spinal)

40
Q

The 1/3 of each side of the cerebellum lateral to the paravermal zone is the pontocerebellum whose inputs are primarily from the _________ nuclei and whose projections are to the dentate nucleus

A

pontine

41
Q

The paravermal zone is defined by its projections to the __________ and _______________ nuclei

A

globose emboliform

42
Q

The pontocerebellum is defined by its projections to the __________ nucleus

A

dentate

43
Q

The central 1/3 of the cerebellum is the ___________________, and the lateral 2/3 is the ____________________.

A

spinocerebellum

pontocerebellum

44
Q

Most input to the spinocerebellum is relayed from neurons in the ________ __________ by neurons in the spinal cord and lateral cuneate nucleus.

A

sensory (or spinal) ganglia

45
Q

Most input to the pontocerebellum is relayed from neurons in the cerebral cortex by neurons in the __________ _________.

A

pontine nuclei

46
Q

The pontocerebellum is __________ to the spinocerebellum

A

lateral

47
Q

Purkinje cells in the pontocerebellum project to the _________ _________.

A

dentate nucleus

48
Q

The dentate nucleus monitors the correspondence of intention with execution by comparing input from the __________ _____________ with input from axon collaterals from the spinocerebellar and cuneocerebellar tracts

A

pontine nuclei

49
Q

Like the other deep cerebellar nuclei, the dentate nucleus projects to the contralateral
______ _________ and the _________________ ________ of the thalamus

A

red nucleus ventrolateral

50
Q

The ventrolateral nucleus of the thalamus projects to the ____________ __________.

A

premotor cortex

51
Q

The red nucleus projects to the inferior olivary nucleus which sends _____________ fibers to the Purkinje cells of the pontocerebellum.

A

climbing

52
Q

Olivocerebellar projections to the pontocerebellum come from the ___________-lateral ___________ _________ ________.

A

contra-

inferior olivary nucleus

53
Q

Like the other olivary nuclei of the medulla, the inferior olivary nucleus is informed of the progress of an action by the __________________ tract.

A

spino-olivary

54
Q

Whereas olivocerebellar projections to the spinocerebellum correct poor __________ _______, olivocerebellar projections to the pontocerebellum correct poor coordination.

A

muscle tone

55
Q

Keeping force proportional to the task is the job of the __________________, and coordinating actions is the job of the ___________________.

A

spinocerebellum

pontocerebellum

56
Q

The cerebellum has 3 lobes: anterior, posterior, and ___________________.

A

flocculonodular

57
Q

Although the ________________ and _______________ tracts project to the paravermal zones of both anterior and posterior lobes of the cerebellum, responsibility for muscle tone resides in the small anterior lobe

A

spinocerebellar cuneocerebellar

58
Q

Due to its small size, the ___________ lobe has only spinocerebellum.

A

anterior

59
Q

The large _____________ lobe has both spinocerebellum and pontocerebellum.

A

posterior

60
Q

The primary fissure divides the cerebellum into a small rostral ____________ lobe and a large caudal _____________ lobe

A

anterior

posterior

61
Q

Although the ____________ lobe is anterior to the primary fissure, it is superior to the _____________ lobe in humans

A

anterior

posterior

62
Q

The anterior and posterior lobes are defined by their positions with respect to the ____________ fissure.

A

primary

63
Q

The spinocerebellum of the ____________ lobe regulates the force of actions, and the spinocerebellum of the ______________ lobe regulates the timing of actions.

A

anterior

posterior

64
Q

The pontocerebellum of the posterior lobe ______________ actions at multiple joints

A

coordinates

65
Q

Although muscle tone in the arms and legs is regulated by the _____________ ________ of the _________________, muscle tone in the head is regulated by the vermis of the _____________ _______.

A

anterior lobe

cerebellum posterior lobe

66
Q

Muscle tone is regulated by the _____________ _______ of the cerebellum, but coordination is regulated by the posterior lobe

A

anterior lobe

67
Q

There are a pair of bimanual hand coordination areas on the superior surface of the ______________ ________ of the cerebellum lateral to the areas regulating muscle tone in the hands.

A

posterior

lobe

68
Q

The bimanual hand coordination areas that help the hands work together are on anterolateral edges of the ____________ surface of the ____________ lobe of the cerebellum

A

superior posterior

69
Q

A second hand coordination area is located on the inferior surface of the ______________ _______ as part of a _________________ ________ for the entire body.

A

posterior lobe

somatotopic map

70
Q

As this diagram shows, hand coordination areas are __________ to trunk coordination areas and _______________ to foot coordination areas in the somatotopic map of the inferior surface of the posterior lobe..

A

lateral

posterior

71
Q

Areas regulating muscle tone in the hands are __________ to areas regulating muscle tone in the trunk and _______________ to areas regulation muscle tone in the feet

A

lateral

posterior

72
Q

The somatotopy of the regulation of muscle tone can be shown by ____ homunculus on the _____________ lobe, but showing the somatotopy of coordination requires _____ _________________ and a few extra pictures.

A

one

anterior two homunculi

73
Q

On both the superior surface of the anterior lobe and the inferior surface of the posterior lobe, the head is ________________ to the rest of the homunculus.

A

posterior (or dorsal)

74
Q

The deep nuclei and the anterior lobe of the cerebellum receive their blood supply from the ___________ ____________ ________.

A

superior cerebellar artery

75
Q

. The flocculus and most of the posterior lobe of the cerebellum usually receive their
blood supply from the _____________ ___________ _____________ ________.

A

anterior inferior cerebellar artery

76
Q

The nodulus and the inferior cerebellar peduncle receive their blood supply from the ____________ ___________ _____________ ________.

A

posterior

inferior cerebellar artery

77
Q

The “tonsil” of the cerebellum, the wedge-shaped anteromedial sixth of the inferior surface of the cerebellum, gets its blood supply from the ______________ ___________ ______________ _________.

A

posterior inferior cerebellar artery

78
Q

The tonsil of the cerebellum is wedge occupying the medial half of the usual territory of the _____________ ____________ ______________ artery

A

posterior inferior cerebellar artery

79
Q

The tonsil of the cerebellum is a ___________ of pontocerebellum pointing toward the foramen magnum

A

wedge

80
Q

The tonsil of the cerebellum is a ___________ on the dorsolateral side of the upper medulla

A

wedge

81
Q

The vermis of the cerebellum monitors _____________ _________ in the muscles of the _________.

A

muscle tone back

82
Q

Most Purkinje cells in the vermis project to the _____________ nuclei, but those in the nodulus also project to the _______________ nuclei and the ______________ ______________.

A

fastigial

vestibular reticular formation

83
Q

The paravermal zone of the cerebellum monitors ____________ _________ in the muscles of the _______________.

A

muscle tone

extremities

84
Q

Purkinje cells in the paravermal zone project to the ____________ and ________________ nuclei which project to the ________ _____________ and the _____________.

A

globose
emboliform
red nucleus thalamus

85
Q

The anterior lobe is entirely within the ___________ and ________________ ___________ of the cerebellum.

A

vermal paravermal zones

86
Q

The hemispheres of the posterior lobe of the cerebellum manage _______________ of the ____________ of the __________________.

A

coordination
muscles
extremities

87
Q

Purkinje cells in the hemispheres of the posterior lobe project to the _____________ nucleus which projects to the _______ nucleus and the ____________.

A

dentate
red
thalamus

88
Q

The anterior lobe of the cerebellum is __________ or ____________ to the posterior lobe in
humans.

A

rostral

superior

89
Q

The superior cerebellar artery feeds the ______________ _________, the anterior inferior cerebellar artery feeds the _______________ _________ and _______________, and the posterior inferior cerebellar artery feeds the ____________ and _____________ ______________ _______________.

A

anterior lobe
posterior lobe flocculus
nodulus inferior cerebellar peduncle

Neuroanatomy (19 decks)

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