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Neuroanatomy > Ch. 27 The Pons > Flashcards

Ch. 27 The Pons Flashcards

1
Q

The pons is the bridge between

A

the midbrain and the medulla

the brainstem and the cerebellum

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2
Q

anterior/ventral half (or base) of the pons is full of

A

pontine nuclei

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3
Q

pontine nuclei

A

-anterior half of pons (base)
-share pons with axons from myelinated corticosponal tracts
-receive input from the motor cortex of the cerebrum about its intentions, on the same side (ipsilateral)
-signal intentions of the moo cortex of the cerebrum to the contralateral cerebellar cortex
(so, receive from same side cerebrum, project to opposite side in cerebellum)

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4
Q

retrotrapezoid nucleus

A
  • detects CO2
  • lies on the surface of the pons base anterior to the facial nucleus
  • superior to the boundary of pons and medulla
  • most caudal part of pons
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5
Q

motor cortex of the cerebrum

A

-axons synapse on neurons from the ipsilateral pontine nuclei

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6
Q

cerebellar cortex

A

receive axons from the contralateral pontine nucleus

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7
Q

the left cerebellar cortex

A

receive information from the right cerebral cortex from the right pontine nuclei of the bae of the pons

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8
Q

middle cerebellar peduncle

A

made up of axons from the neurons (pontine nuclei) on the opposite side of the base of the pons

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9
Q

superior cerebellar peduncle

A

-receives information from the same side of cerebellum
-projects to the opposite side of forebrain
-leaves cerebellum dorsal to the 4th ventricle
-remain in the lateral side of roof of the 4th ventricle until the lower midbrain
-crosses under the cerebral aqueduct to reach the
opposite side of forebrain
-cross each other ventral to the cerebral aqueduct in lower midbrain

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10
Q

cerebellum is _ to the 4th ventricle

A

dorsal (posterior)

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11
Q

crossing (decussation) of the superior cerebellar peduncles is prominent feature in the

A

lower midbrain

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12
Q

the ventral half of the pons is__

the dorsal half go the pons is the __

A

base; tegmentum

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13
Q

tegmentum of the pons

A

between the base and the 4th ventricle

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14
Q

the motor nucleus of trigeminal nerve

A
  • dorsolateral corner of the tegemtnum of the pons
  • present only at the mid pontine level
  • decend from midpontine level in th lateral part of th tegmentum of the pons
  • ventral to the lateral vestibular nucleus in the tegmentum of the lower (caudal) pons
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15
Q

mesencephalic tract of trigeminal

A
  • ventral to superior cerebellar peduncle
  • extends upward (rostrad) from the mid pontine level
  • dorsal and lateral to the nucleus ceruleus
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16
Q

nucleus ceruleus

A
  • ventral and medial to the mesencephalic tract
  • essential alertness center in the dorsal tegmentum of the middle and upper pons
  • neurons project to many other brain centers to stay awake
  • projections release norepinephrine in several forebrain nuclei to increase alertness
  • principle source of norepinephrine in CNS
17
Q

medial leminiscus

A
  • thick vehicle ribbon of white matter in the medulla, becomes thick ribbon of white matter in pons
  • forms ventral (anterior) border of the tegmentum in pons
  • thin white matter tract called ventral trigeminothalamic on the dorsal side
18
Q

ventral trigeminothalamic tract

A
  • thin ribbon of white matter in the dorsal side of medial leminiscus
  • carries epicritc information from opposite side of the face
  • recieves info from face from the principle sensory nucleus of trigeminal on the opposite side to the thalamus
  • not present below mid pontine level (not in lower pons)
  • ventral to the central tegmental tract
19
Q

central tegmental tract

A
  • dorsal to the ventral trigeminothalamic tract

- carries info from the red nucleus to tine inferior olivary nucleus

20
Q

nucleus of the lateral leminiscus

A
  • relay center for hearing
  • lateral side of the central segmental tract
  • at mid pontine level
  • lateral leminiscus carries auditory information upward from superior olivary nucleus to the inferior colliculus on the lateral side of the tegmentum of the pons
  • on lateral side of the central tegmental tract
  • medial to the anterolateral system in the pons
21
Q

central tegmental tract is dorsal to

A

medial leminiscus

22
Q

lateral leminuscus is dorsolateral to

A

medial leminsicus

23
Q

pontine reticular formation

A
  • network of neurons and axons occupying most of the tegmentum of the pons
  • some neurons have long axons that form the medial reticulospinal tract
  • neurons project through medial reticulospinal tracts on the same side
24
Q

medial reticulospinal tract

A
  • synapse on internuncial neurons that controls lower motor neurons for extensors of the lower extremity
  • projection for pontine reticular formation on same side
25
Q

medullary reticulospinal tract

A

projects through both lateral reticulospinal tracts

26
Q

nucleus raphe magnus

A
  • where two side join
  • on the midline of the R and L reticular formations in the lower (caudal) pons
  • axons release enkephalin in the posterior horn of the spinal cord to inhibit pain transmission
27
Q

enkephalin

A
  • inhibits pain transmission in the spinal cord

- released by nucleus raphe magnus into posterior horn

28
Q

4th ventricle

A

between pons and cerebellum

29
Q

the parabrachal nuclei

A
  • surround superior cerebellar peduncles in the rostral pons

- regulate the timing of exhalation

30
Q

pontine projections

A

projections to the cerebellar cortex are more important for coordination than for muscle tone

31
Q

facial nucleus

A

in the tegmentum of the lower pons

contains lower motor neurons for facial muscle

32
Q

internuncial neurons for extensors

A
  • projected by reticular formation in the tegmentum of the pons
  • through the medial reticulospinal tract on the same side
33
Q

critical wakefulness center

A

nucleus ceruleus in the lateral periventricular gray of the upper pons

Neuroanatomy (19 decks)

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