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Neuroanatomy > Chapter 21 Vagus and Glossopharyngeal > Flashcards

Chapter 21 Vagus and Glossopharyngeal Flashcards

1
Q

The anterior and posterior spinocerebellar tracts ascend along the ___________ surface of the lower medulla just dorsal to the olive.

A

lateral

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2
Q

The olive is just anterior to the _______________ _____________________ tract in the lower medulla..

A

anterior spinocerebellar

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3
Q

The posterior spinocerebellar tract is just _______________ to the ______________ spinocerebellar tract.

A

posterior

anterior

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4
Q

The roots of the vagus nerve leave the _________ _____________ between the anterior and posterior spinocerebellar tracts.

A

lower medulla

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5
Q

The roots of the vagus nerve are the only visible line of demarcation between the ______________ and _______________ ____________________ _________ in the lower medulla.

A

anterior

posterior spinocerebellar tracts

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6
Q

The olive lies between the roots of the ________ nerve and the roots of the ________________ nerve.

A

vagus

hypoglossal

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7
Q

The roots of the vagus nerve (X) are _________________ to the roots of the hypoglossal nerve.

A

posterior

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8
Q

IX, X, and XI accompany the internal _____________ vein through the jugular foramen.

A

jugular

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9
Q

IX, X, and XI leave the posterior cranial fossa through the ____________. (9,10,11- glossopharyngeal, vagus, accessory)

A

jugular foramen

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10
Q

The vagus nerve arises from 2 motor nuclei, both of which are in the lower ______________.

A

medulla

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11
Q

The parasympathetic fibers in the vagus nerve that innervate the digestive tract arise from ____________________________ in the dorsal motor nucleus of the vagus.

A

preganglionic parasympathetic neurons

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12
Q

The dorsal motor nucleus of the vagus is in the central gray matter of the __________ ___________ dorsal and lateral to the hypoglossal nucleus.

A

lower medulla

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13
Q

The dorsal motor nucleus of the vagus contains the _________________ _________________ neurons for the ______________ ________.

A

preganglionic parasympathetic

digestive tract

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14
Q

The dorsal motor nucleus of the vagus is __________ and ___________ to the hypoglossal nucleus

A

dorsal

lateral

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15
Q

The dorsal motor nucleus of the vagus lies between the _______________ _________ and the nucleus solitarius.

A

hypoglossal nucleus

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16
Q

The nucleus solitarius is on the dorsal side of the _________ _________ ____________ of the _________.

A

dorsal motor nucleus

vagus

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17
Q

Axons from the preganglionic parasympathetic neurons in the __________ _________ ___________ of the vagus join axons from neurons in the nucleus ambiguus to form the vagus nerve.

A

dorsal motor nucleus

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18
Q

The vagus nerve contains motor fibers from both the ___________ ______________ and the ________ _________ ____________ ___ ____ _________.

A

nucleus ambiguus

dorsal motor nucleus of the vagus

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19
Q

The roots of the vagus nerve leave the lower medulla just dorsal to the _________ _______________ tract which is just dorsal to the __________.

A

anterior spinocerebellar

olive

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20
Q

The roots of the vagus nerve contain fibers from the ___________ ________________ and the _________ _________ ____________ of the ________.

A

nucleus ambiguus

dorsal motor nucleus vagus

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21
Q

The nucleus ambiguus is in the medulla halfway between the _________________ nucleus and the ______________ ____________________ _________.

A

hypoglossal

posterior spinocerebellar tract

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22
Q

The preganglionic parasympathetic fibers to the digestive tract come from the ________ _________ ____________ of the __________, and preganglionic parasympathetic fibers to the heart come from the nucleus ambiguus.

A

dorsal motor nucleus vagus

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23
Q

The nucleus ambiguus contains preganglionic parasympathetic neurons for the ________ and lower motor neurons for the larynx.

A

heart

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24
Q

The superior laryngeal nerve and the recurrent laryngeal nerve contain axons of neurons in the ___________ _____________.

A

nucleus ambiguus

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25
Q

The nucleus ambiguus supplies _______________ ________________ fibers to the heart and motor fibers to the ___________.

A

preganglionic parasympathetic

larynx

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26
Q

The sensory ganglia of the vagus nerve are homologs of the __________ _______ __________ of spinal nerves.

A

dorsal root ganglia

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27
Q

Neurons in the superior vagus ganglion supply a few ____________ fibers to the eardrum.

A

sensory

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28
Q

The eardrum is partially innervated by peripheral processes of the axons of neurons in the _____________ ________ ____________.

A

superior vagus ganglion

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29
Q

Some primary sensory neurons for earaches are in the _______________ ________ ___________.

A

superior vagus ganglion

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30
Q

The ____________ processes of the axons of the primary sensory neurons that innervate the eardrum synapse on secondary sensory neurons in the spinal nucleus of the trigeminal nerve

A

central

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31
Q

Thus the central processes of the axons of most of the neurons in the ______________ ___________ of the Xth cranial nerve synapse in a sensory nucleus associated with the Vth cranial nerve

A

superior ganglion

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32
Q

Pain and temperature in the eardrum are sent to the spinal nucleus of the Vth cranial nerve by neurons in the _____________ __________ of the ______ cranial nerve

A

superior ganglion

Xth

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33
Q

Neurons in the inferior vagus ganglion supply ___________ fibers to the aortic body, lungs, and digestive tract.

A

sensory

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34
Q

The oxygen sensors in the aortic body are innervated by the ________________ ______________ of _______ of neurons in the inferior vagus ganglion.

A

peripheral processes axons

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35
Q

The stretch and pain receptors in the lungs and digestive tract are the endings of ________________ ____________ of ________ of neurons in the _____________ ________ ___________.

A

peripheral processes axons

inferior vagus ganglion

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36
Q

Some neurons in the inferior vagus ganglion are primary sensory neurons for the partial pressure of __________ in the ________; others are primary sensory neurons for _________ and ______ in the _________ and _____________.

A

oxygen, aortic body
stretch, pain
lungs
digestive tract

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37
Q

The __________ _____________ of the axons of primary sensory neurons for pain and stretch in the lungs and digestive tract synapse on secondary sensory neurons in the nucleus solitarius just lateral to the dorsal motor nucleus of the vagus.

A

central processes

38
Q

The nucleus solitarius abuts the lateral side of the ________ ________ __________ of the ________.

A

dorsal motor nucleus vagus

39
Q

The axons of the __________ _________ ___________ in the inferior vagus ganglion run caudad in the tractus solitarius in the center of the nucleus solitarius before synapsing

A

primary sensory neurons

40
Q

Because it is heavily myelinated, the tractus solitarius appears as a black dot in the center of the ___________ _______________ in sections stained for myelin

A

nucleus solitarius

41
Q

The secondary sensory neurons for pain and stretch in the lungs and digestive tract are in the caudal 1/3 of the _________ _______________.

A

nucleus solitarius

42
Q

The ___________ ________________ of the axons of primary sensory neurons for blood ppO2 synapse in the central 1/3 of the nucleus solitarius.

A

central processes

43
Q

The vagus is the ______ cranial nerve

A

Xth (10)

44
Q

The vagus nerve is unusual in having 2 separate motor nuclei, the _________ _______________ and the __________ __________ ___________ ___ _____ _________.

A

nucleus ambiguus

dorsal motor nucleus of the vagus

45
Q

The vagus nerve is also unusual in having 2 sensory nuclei, the _________ _______________ and the _________ __________ of __ .

A

nucleus solitarius

spinal nerve of V

46
Q

Both sensory nuclei of the ________ _________ are shared with other cranial nerves

A

dorsal motor nucleus

47
Q

The spinal nucleus of V receives _______ and _______________ information from the ___________ via the vagus nerve

A

pain
temperature
eardrum

48
Q

The nucleus solitarius receives _______ and __________ information from the ________ and _____________ _________.

A

pain
stretch
lungs
digestive tract

49
Q

The nucleus solitarius receives information about ____________ concentration from the _________ _________ via the vagus nerve

A

oxygen

aortic body

50
Q

The nucleus solitarius is on the ____________ side of the dorsal motor nucleus of the vagus

A

lateral

51
Q

Somatic motor fibers to the muscles of the larynx come from the __________ _____________.

A

nucleus ambiguus

52
Q

Preganglionic parasympathetic fibers to the digestive tract come from the __________ _________ ___________ ___ _____ _________, but preganglionic parasympathetic fibers to the
heart come from the __________ _____________.

A

dorsal motor
nucleus of the vagus
nucleus ambiguus

53
Q

The center of the anterior half of the lower medulla gets its blood supply from the _____________ _________ ____________. The rest of the lower medulla gets its blood supply from branches of the posterior inferior cerebellar artery

A

anterior spinal artery

54
Q

Since they are not in the midline, all 4 nuclei of the ________ nerve receive their blood supply from branches of the _______________ ______________ __________________ ___________.

A

vagus

posterior inferior cerebellar artery

55
Q

Since they are close together, the nucleus ambiguus and the spinal nucleus of the trigeminal nerve usually receive their blood supply from the same branch of the _______________ ______________ __________________ ___________.

A

posterior inferior cerebellar artery

56
Q

The IXth cranial nerve exits the ____________ just above the Xth cranial nerve.

A

medulla

57
Q

In many ways, the IXth cranial nerve is a small copy of the Xth. Like X, IX has ___ nuclei, 3 of which are shared with X.

A

4

58
Q

Like the Xth cranial nerve, the IXth cranial nerve receives somatic motor fibers from the __________ ______________ in the _____________.

A

nucleus ambiguus

medulla

59
Q

Unlike the somatic motor fibers of X which spread out to innervate several muscles, the somatic motor fibers of IX innervate

A

only one muscle: the stylopharyngeus.

60
Q

The stylopharyngeus is the only muscle innervated by the _____ __________ nerve.

A

IX th (9)

61
Q

Taste receptors on the posterior 1/3 of the tongue are innervated by ____________ ___________ _________ in the inferior ganglion of IX.

A

primary sensory neurons

62
Q

The ____________ processes of the neurons in the inferior ganglion of IX enter the medulla superior to the roots of ____, ascend in the solitary tract and synapse in the nucleus solitarius.

A

central

X

63
Q

The taste of food on the posterior 1/3 of the tongue is reported to the superior (or rostral) third of the __________ _____________.

A

nucleus solitarius

64
Q

The taste of food on the posterior 1/3 of the tongue is reported to the superior (or rostral) third of the __________ _____________.

A

nucleus solitarius

65
Q

The _____________ ____ of the ____________ _____________ receives taste information from the posterior 1/3 of the tongue (glossa in Greek)..

A

rostral 1/3

nucleus solitarius

66
Q

IX is called the glossopharyngeal nerve because it innervates a portion of the ____________ and an important muscle of the _____________.

A

tongue

pharynx

67
Q

The glossopharyngeal nerve reports on the taste of food only on the _______________ _______ of the _____________.

A

posterior 1/3 tongue

68
Q

The _______________ ____________ of some neurons in the inferior glossopharyngeal ganglion form the sinus nerve.

A

peripheral processes

69
Q

The sinus nerve is the branch of the ______________________ ________ that innervates the pO2 detector cells in the in the carotid body in the wall of the carotid sinus.

A

glossopharyngeal nerve

70
Q

Both X and IX report on pO2. IX reports on pO2 in the ___________ ________, and X reports on pO2 in the __________ ________.

A

IX: carotid body
X: aortic body

71
Q

The neurons that report on pO2 are in the _____________ ___________ of the _________ and ____________________ nerves.

A

inferior ganglia
vagus
glossopharyngeal

72
Q

Neurons in the ______________ _________ of the ________ and _________________________ _________ send their reports on pO2 to the central part of the nucleus solitarius.

A

inferior ganglia
vagus
glossopharyngeal nerves

73
Q

The nucleus solitarius receives 2 kinds of chemical information: _________ and ______.

A

taste

pO2

74
Q

Both the vagus and glossopharyngeal nerves send information about _____ to the _________ _______________.

A

pO2

nucleus solitarius

75
Q

Like the vagus nerve, the glossopharyngeal nerve sends a tiny somatic sensory branch to the _____________.

A

eardrum

76
Q

Just as the vagus neurons that innervate the eardrum are in the _____________ __________ of the ________ ________, the glossopharyngeal neurons that innervate the eardrum are in the _____________ __________ of the _________________ __________.

A

superior ganglion
vagus nerve
superior ganglion
glossopharyngeal nerve

77
Q

The central processes of the neurons innervating the eardrum synapse in the _________ ___________ of ___

A

spinal nucleus of V

78
Q

Thus, the spinal nucleus of ___ receives information from 3 cranial nerves: ____, ____, and ____.

A

V
V
IX
X

79
Q

The glossopharyngeal nerve sends sensation from the _____________ to the spinal nucleus of V.

A

auditory canal

80
Q

Just as the dorsal motor nucleus of the vagus contributes _________________ _________________ fibers to the vagus nerve,
the inferior salivatory nucleus contributes ________________ _________________ fibers to the glossopharyngeal nerve.

A

preganglionic parasympathetic

preganglionic parasympathetic

81
Q

The preganglionic parasympathetic fibers in the glossopharyngeal nerve synapse on neurons in the otic ganglion that stimulate the parotid ___________ ________.

A

salivary gland

82
Q

The parotid salivary gland receives postganglionic parasympathetic fibers from the _______ __________.

A

otic ganglion

83
Q

The otic ganglion receives preganglionic parasympathetic fibers from the inferior _____________ nucleus via a branch of the _______________________ _________.

A

salivatory

glossopharyngeal nerve

84
Q

Just as the roots of IX are immediately ______________ to the roots of X, the inferior salivatory nucleus is immediately ______________ to the dorsal motor nucleus of X.

A

superior

superior

85
Q

The vagus nerve stimulates secretion in the _____________ _________; the glossopharyngeal nerve stimulates secretion in the ____________ _____________ ________.

A

digestive tract

parotid salivary gland

86
Q

The preganglionic parasympathetic fibers in the glossopharyngeal nerve synapse in the _______ __________ which stimulates the ___________ ___________ _________.

A

otic ganglion

parotid salivary gland

87
Q

The preganglionic parasympathetic fibers in the glossopharyngeal nerve synapse in the _______ __________ which stimulates the ___________ ___________ _________.

A

otic ganglion

parotid salivary gland

88
Q

The inferior salivatory nucleus and the dorsal motor nucleus of the vagus are on the medial side of the _________ ______________.

A

nucleus solitarius

89
Q

Just as the roots of the vagus nerve leave the lower medulla just anterior to the ______________ _____________________ _________,
the roots of the glossopharyngeal nerve leave the upper medulla just anterior to the inferior cerebellar peduncle which is a continuation of the posterior spinocerebellar tract.

A

posterior spinocerebellar tract

90
Q

The roots of the vagus nerve leave the lower medulla just anterior to the posterior spinocerebellar tract, and the roots of the glossopharyngeal nerve leave the upper medulla just anterior to the ____________ ________________ ___________.

A

inferior cerebellar peduncle

91
Q

The posterior spinocerebellar tract (lower medulla) becomes the ____________ __________________ ___________ in the upper medulla.

A

inferior cerebellar peduncle

Neuroanatomy (19 decks)

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