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Neuroanatomy > Ch. 25 Facial and Abducens Nerves > Flashcards

Ch. 25 Facial and Abducens Nerves Flashcards

1
Q

The seventh cranial nerve is called the facial nerve because it contains the axons of _________ _________ ___________ for the muscles of facial expression.

A

lower motor neurons

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2
Q

VIII and VII emerge from the _________________ at the boundary between the pons and the medulla

A

brainstem

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3
Q

The motor nucleus of the facial nerve straddles the boundary between the _____ and the __________.

A

pons

medulla

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4
Q

The motor nucleus of the facial nerve is an oval mass of ________ matter medial and inferior to the spinal tract of the trigeminal nerve.

A

gray

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5
Q

Since the overwhelming majority of fibers in the facial nerve are branchial motor the _____________ __________ _____________ of the facial nerve is usually simply called the facial nucleus.

A

branchial motor nucleus

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6
Q

The motor fibers leave the medial side of the _________ nucleus, curve dorsad toward the fourth ventricle, run laterad in the floor of the fourth ventricle, and run ventrad between the facial nucleus and the spinal tract of the trigeminal nerve.

A

facial

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7
Q

Running dorsal from the medial side of the facial nucleus and ventrad on the lateral side of the facial nucleus the __________ fibers of the ___________ nerve form a loop at the lowest level of the pons.

A

motor

facial

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8
Q

The middle portion of the loop, in the floor of the _________ ____________, is called the internal genu of the facial nerve.

A

fourth ventricle

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9
Q

The internal genu of the facial nerve contains only _________ fibers.

A

motor

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10
Q

The ___________ ________ of the facial nerve is in the floor of the fourth ventricle.

A

internal genu

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11
Q

Beyond its internal genu the ________ root of the facial nerve continues laterad and ventrad between the facial nucleus and the spinal tract of V.

A

motor

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12
Q

The motor root of the facial nerve passes between the __________ ________ of ___ and the ________ ___________ before leaving the brainstem.

A

motor nucleus V

facial nucleus

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13
Q

The facial nerve leaves the brainstem through the lowest part of the middle cerebellar peduncle just above the foramen of ___________.

A

Luschka

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14
Q

Since the _________________________ nerve leaves the brainstem through the foramen of Luschka, and the _________ nerve leaves just above the foramen of Luschka, the _______________________ and _________ nerves are close neighbors.

A

vestibulocochlear
facial
vestibulocochlear
facial

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15
Q

A lesion of the root of the _________________________ nerve is liable to involve the _________ nerve as well.

A

vestibulocochlear

facial

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16
Q

The region around the roots of the facial and vestibulocochlear nerves is called the cerebellopontine angle because it is a triangle bounded by the medulla, the posterior lobe of the _________________, and the ________.

A

cerebellum

pons

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17
Q

The facial nerve contains many somatic __________ fibers but hardly any somatic sensory fibers

A

motor

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18
Q

As is always true for sacral and cranial nerves, the facial nerve contains no preganglionic _______________ fibers.

A

sympathetic

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19
Q

Like several other cranial nerves, the facial nerve does contain preganglionic __________________ fibers.

A

parasympathetic

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20
Q

The preganglionic _____________________ fibers in the facial nerve originate in the superior salivatory nucleus of the pons and end in the submandibular ganglion

A

parasympathetic

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21
Q

The submandibular ganglion receives preganglionic parasympathetic fibers from the _____________ _______________ __________ via the __________ nerve.

A

superior salivatory nucleus

facial

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22
Q

The submandibular ganglion supplies _______________ ___________________ fibers to the submandibular and sublingual _____________ glands.

A

postganglionic parasympathetic

salivary

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23
Q

The (parasympathetic) visceral motor nucleus of the facial nerve is called the ___________

A

superior salivatory nucleus

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24
Q

Despite its name, the superior salivatory nucleus provides ______________ ___________________ fibers to the sphenopalatine ganglion which provides ________________ _____________________ fibers to the lacrimal gland. (“Sphenopalatine ganglion” is slowly replacing “pterygopalatine ganglion.”)

A

preganglionic parasympathetic

postganglionic parasympathetic

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25
Q

The lacrimal gland gets postganglionic parasympathetic innervation from the ___________________ ganglion which gets its preganglionic innervation from the ____________ _______________ _________.

A

sphenopalatine

superior salivatory nucleus

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26
Q

Thus the cornea depends on the ____________ ______________ nucleus, the ________ nerve and the _____________________ ganglion to keep it moist and transparent.

A

superior salivatory nucleus
facial
sphenopalatine

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27
Q

The superior salivatory nucleus is in the lower pons just above the __________ ______________ nucleus in the _____________.

A

inferior salivatory

medulla

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28
Q

The motor part of the facial nerve passes through the superior salivatory nucleus in the lower ______ without receiving fibers from it.

A

pons

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29
Q

The superior salivatory nucleus lies in the path of the _________ _________ of the _________ nerve dorsal to the facial nucleus and ventral to the medial vestibular nucleus.

A

motor root

facial

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30
Q

The superior salivatory nucleus is ____________ to the inferior salivatory nucleus, ________ to the facial nucleus, and __________ to the internal genu of the facial nerve.

A

superior
dorsal
lateral

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31
Q

The superior salivatory nucleus and inferior salivatory nucleus are ____________ motor nuclei.

A

visceral

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32
Q

The facial nerve has 2 motor nuclei of 2 different kinds, __________ and ___________ , and the special sensory nucleus for taste.

A

somatic, visceral

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33
Q

The only sensory fibers in the facial nerve are those carrying the sense of ________.

A

taste

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34
Q

The facial ganglion contains the primary sensory neurons for _________ in the anterior 2/3 of the tongue.

A

taste

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35
Q

The primary sensory neurons for taste in the posterior 1/3 of the tongue are in the _____________ ________________________ ganglion, and the primary sensory neurons for taste in the anterior 2/3 of the tongue are in the _________ ganglion.

A

inferior glossopharyngeal

facial

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36
Q

Because bitterness receptors are concentrated on the back of the tongue, most of the taste information in the ______________________ nerve is bitter.

A

glossopharyngeal

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37
Q

Because sweetness receptors are concentrated on the tip of the tongue, most sweetness information travels in the _________ ________.

A

facial nerve

38
Q

The superior third of the ___________ _______________ receives taste sensations from the back of the tongue from the __________ ________________________ ganglion and taste sensations from the middle and front of the tongue from the _________ ganglion.

A

solitary nucleus
inferior glossopharyngeal
facial

39
Q

The central processes of primary sensory neurons for taste synapse in the _____________ _________ of the ___________ _______________ which is sometimes called the gustatory nucleus

A

superior third

solitary nucleus

40
Q

The gustatory nucleus is the ____________ ________ ___ _____ __________ __________________.

A

superior third of the solitary nucleus

41
Q

The taste fibers in the facial nerve travel with the parasympathetic fibers dorsolateral to the facial _________ fibers in the pons.

A

motor

42
Q

The facial and vestibulocochlear nerves leave the brainstem in the _________________________ ________.

A

cerebellopontine angle

43
Q

The motor and parasympathetic roots of the facial nerve are separate as they emerge from the brainstem in the _______________________ ______.

A

cerebellopontine angle

44
Q

The parasympathetic root of the facial nerve is called the nervus intermedius because it lies between the motor root of the facial nerve and the root of the _____________________________

A

vestibulocochlear

45
Q

The parasympathetic and taste fibers of the facial nerve leave the brainstem together as the __________ _______________.

A

nervus intermedius

46
Q

The nervus intermedius gets its name because it is _______________ between the motor root of the facial nerve and the roots of the vestibulocochlear nerve.

A

intermediate

47
Q

The nervus intermedius joins the motor root of the facial nerve shortly after they emerge from the brainstem in the _____________________ ________.

A

cerebellopontine angle

48
Q

Just after its motor root is joined by the _________ ___________________, the facial nerve enters the facial canal through the internal acoustic meatus

A

nervus intermedius

49
Q

The facial nerve passes through the petrous part of the temporal bone inside the ________ ________.

A

facial canal

50
Q

The facial nerve and the vestibular and cochlear divisions of the vestibulocochlear nerve go their separate ways inside the ____________ part of the _____________ bone

A

petrous

temporal

51
Q

The internal acoustic meatus is shared by the _________ _________ and the ____________________ ________, but the facial canal contains only the facial nerve and its sensory ganglion.

A

facial nerve

vestibulocochlear nerve

52
Q

The bend of the motor root of the facial nerve in the pons is called the ____________ _________ of the ________ ________.

A

internal genu

facial nerve

53
Q

The bend of the facial nerve inside the petrous part of the temporal bone is called the external ______ of the _________ __________.

A

genu facial nerve

54
Q

The sensory ganglion of the facial nerve is called the geniculate ganglion because it is located at the _____________ ________ of the _________ _________ inside the facial canal in the temporal bone.

A

external genu

facial nerve

55
Q

The peripheral processes of the neurons in the geniculate ganglion reach the taste buds on the _____________ _____ of the ____________ by passing through the middle ear and exiting the skull through the tympanic fissure.

A

anterior third tongue

56
Q

The taste fibers that leave the skull through the _____________ __________ are called the chorda tympani.

A

tympanic fissure

57
Q

The branch of the facial nerve that supplies taste fibers to the anterior 2/3 of the tongue is called the _________ ______________.

A

chorda tympani

58
Q

The chorda tympani leaves the ___________ canal and passes through the __________ ______ and the ________________ fissure to reach the tongue

A

facial
middle ear
tympanic

59
Q

Taste buds on the anterior 2/3 of the tongue are innervated by the __________ _______________ branch of the _________ __________.

A

chorda tympani

facial nerve

60
Q

The chorda tympani also carries _____________________ fibers to the submandibular ganglion.

A

parasympathetic

61
Q

The preganglionic parasympathetic fibers in the chorda tympani synapse in the _____________________ ganglion.

A

submandibular

62
Q

The chorda tympani carries both ____________ and ___________________ ____________________ fibers.

A

sensory

preganglionic parasympathetic

63
Q

The _________________ _____________________ fibers to the sphenopalatine ganglion leave the __________ _________ at its external genu.

A

preganglionic parasympathetic

facial nerve

64
Q

After leaving the __________ __________ the preganglionic parasympathetic fibers to the sphenopalatine ganglion enter the middle cranial fossa through the greater petrosal canal.

A

facial nerve

65
Q

The facial canal is connected to the middle cranial fossa by the __________ ___________ ________.

A

greater petrosal canal

66
Q

The facial nerve fibers to the sphenopalatine ganglion reach the ganglion by passing through the facial canal, _____________ _____________ __________, middle cranial fossa, foramen lacerum, and pterygoid canal in that order.

A

greater petrosal canal

67
Q

Parasympathetic fibers reach the sphenopalatine ganglion by way of the _________ _________, the _____________ _____________ _________, the ___________ ___________ fossa, the _____________ ___________, and the _______________ canal.

A 
facial canal
      greater petrosal canal        
middle cranial	foramen
      lacerum	
pterygoid
68
Q

The sphenopalatine ganglion is located at the anterior end of the ________________ ________.

A

pterygoid canal

69
Q

Postganglionic fibers from the sphenopalatine ganglion innervate the ____________ _________.

A

lacrimal gland

70
Q

The motor fibers of the facial nerve pass through the petrous part of the temporal bone inside the _________ ________ and exit through the stylomastoid foramen.

A

facial canal

71
Q

The facial canal connects the ____________ ___________ _________ to the ___________________ foramen.

A

internal acoustic meatus

stylomastoid

72
Q

Because the _________ _________ passes through the narrow facial canal, swelling in its sheath pinches the nerve and paralyzes the muscles it serves.

A

facial nerve

73
Q

Swelling of the sheath of the facial nerve causes paralysis of the muscles of ________ ____________, including the orbicularis oculi.

A

facial expression

74
Q

Closing or blinking the eye is impossible if the _______________ _________ muscle is paralyzed

A

orbicularis oculi

75
Q

Lack of blinking risks drying out and opacity of the ___________.

A

cornea

76
Q

The syndrome of unilateral paralysis of the facial muscles and dry eye on the same side due to swelling of the __________ of the _________ ________ is called Bell’s palsy.

A

sheath facial nerve

77
Q

In order to prevent damage to the cornea, a patient with __________ _________ must close the affected eye with a bandage or put eye drops in every 15 minutes.

A

Bell’s palsy

78
Q

The swelling of the sheath of the facial nerve usually subsides in 2 months and the symptoms of _________ ________ disappear.

A

Bell’s palsy

79
Q

Although anti-inflammatory drugs may help, Bell’s palsy usually resolves spontaneously in _____ ____________.

A

2 months

80
Q

Like most structures in the pons, the facial nucleus, superior salivatory nucleus, and superior half of the nucleus solitarius get their blood supply from small branches of the ____________ artery

A

basilar

81
Q

Occlusion of a circumferential branch of the basilar artery will usually infarct the facial nucleus and ________________ the ________ muscles.

A

paralyze

facial

82
Q

Because the internal genu of the facial nerve and the abducens nucleus share the ________ of the _____ ____________, the internal genu of the facial nerve passes through the abducens nucleus

A

floor

fourth ventricle

83
Q

Because the internal genu of the facial nerve and the abducens nucleus share the ________ of the _____ ____________, the internal genu of the facial nerve passes through the abducens nucleus

A

floor

fourth ventricle

84
Q

The abducens nucleus contains the lower motor neurons for the lateral rectus muscle of the eye which abducts one’s ________.

A

gaze

85
Q

The abducens nerve exits the brainstem through the pontomedullary sulcus and reaches the ________ _________ muscle through the superior orbital fissure.

A

lateral rectus

86
Q

Because the abducens nucleus and the roots of the abducens nerve are close to the midline, occlusion of a paramedian branch of the ____________ ____________ will infarct the abducens nucleus and nerve.

A

basilar artery

87
Q

Infarction of either the _____________ ___________ or _____________ ___________ makes it impossible to turn the ipsilateral eye to its own side

A

abducens nucleus, abducens nerve

88
Q

Occlusion of a paramedian branch of the basilar artery will also infarct the ____________ ________ of the _________ __________ and paralyze the muscles of facial expression

A

internal genu

facial nerve

89
Q

The midline structures of the pons receive their blood supply from ________________ ___________ of the __________ ___________, and the lateral structures of the pons receive their blood supply from ____________________ ___________ of the __________ _____________.

A

paramedian branches
basilar artery
circumflex branches
basilar artery

90
Q

Counting mediad, the vestibulocochlear nerve is the _______ cranial nerve, the facial nerve is the _______ cranial nerve, and the abducens nerve is the _______ cranial nerve

A

eighth
seventh
sixth

91
Q

The vestibulocochlear nerve is purely special ___________, and the abducens nerve is purely somatic __________, but the facial nerve contains branchial ___________, visceral ___________, and special __________ fibers.

A 
sensory
      motor		
			motor    
    motor
      sensory

Neuroanatomy (19 decks)

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