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Neuroanatomy > Chapter 26- The Trigeminal Nerve > Flashcards

Chapter 26- The Trigeminal Nerve Flashcards

1
Q

The Vth cranial nerve is called the trigeminal nerve because it has ___ major divisions

A

3

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2
Q

The superior division is called the ophthalmic nerve because it is the sensory nerve of the ______ socket and the skin above it.

A

eye

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3
Q

The middle division of the trigeminal nerve is called the maxillary nerve because it is the sensory nerve of the area of the face overlying the ______________ bone.

A

maxillary

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4
Q

The ophthalmic and maxillary nerves are divisions of the ________________ or _____ cranial nerve.

A

trigeminal, Vth,

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5
Q

The _________________ nerve is the sensory nerve of the upper third of the face and the __________________ nerve is the sensory nerve of the middle third of the face.

A

ophthalmic

maxillary

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6
Q

The ophthalmic and maxillary nerves are purely sensory and have no _________ component.

A

motor

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7
Q

The lowest division of the trigeminal nerve is called the mandibular nerve because it is the sensory nerve of the region around the _______________.

A

mandible

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8
Q

The three divisions of the trigeminal nerve are the _________________, ____________________, and _______________ nerves.

A

ophthalmic, maxillary,

mandibular

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9
Q

Unlike the _________________ and __________________ nerves, the mandibular nerve has a significant motor component.

A

ophthalmic maxillary

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10
Q

The motor fibers in the _________________ nerve innervate the muscles that move the mandible.

A

mandibular

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11
Q

The temporalis and masseter, which close the mouth, the mylohyoid and anterior belly of the digastric, which open the mouth, and the medial and lateral pterygoid muscles, which move the jaw from side to side, are all innervated by the ______________ nerve.

A

mandibular

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12
Q

Although it assists with chewing, the buccinator muscle is not innervated by the mandibular nerve because it does not move the ________________.

A

mandible

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13
Q

The tensor tympani muscle is the only muscle innervated by the mandibular nerve that does not move the _______________.

A

mandible

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14
Q

A tiny branch of the mandibular nerve enters the middle ear through the wall of the Eustachian tube and innervates the ____________ _______________ muscle.

A

tensor tympani

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15
Q

Contraction of the tensor tympani makes it harder for the malleus to move and ____________ sound.

A

deadens (muffles, attenuates)

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16
Q

Reflex contraction of the tensor tympani during chewing ____________ the __________ of chewing.

A

muffles

sound

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17
Q

The motor fibers in the mandibular nerve are _________ of _________ ___________ neurons in the motor nucleus of the trigeminal nerve

A

axons

lower motor

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18
Q

Although the sensory nuclei of the trigeminal nerve extend throughout the brainstem, the _________ nucleus is confined to the mid-pontine level.

A

motor

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19
Q

The motor nucleus of the trigeminal nerve is just medial to the principal sensory nucleus of the trigeminal nerve at the _____-pontine level.

A

mid

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20
Q

The principal sensory nucleus of the trigeminal is the most lateral nucleus in the brainstem at the ______-____________ level.

A

mid pontine

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21
Q

Motor axons from the motor nucleus of the trigeminal nerve pass through the foramen ovale along with the sensory fibers of the _________________ __________ to innervate the tensor tympani and the muscles that move the mandible.

A

mandibular nerve

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22
Q

The motor division of the trigeminal nerve also contains muscle and tendon stretch fibers that are peripheral branches of axons of primary ____________ neurons in the upper pons and midbrain.

A

sensory

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23
Q

The muscle and tendon stretch neurons for the jaw muscles are in the __________ _______ and _________________.

A

upper pons

midbrain

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24
Q

The primary sensory neurons for muscle and tendon stretch in the jaw muscles are collectively called the mesencephalic nucleus of the trigeminal nerve because most of them are in the _______________,

A

midbrain (mesencephalon

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25
Q

The mesencephalic nucleus of the trigeminal nerve extends throughout the _________ ______ and midbrain.

A

upper pons

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26
Q

The ___________________ __________ of the trigeminal nerve contains the primary sensory neurons for in jaw muscles and their tendons and the periodontal ligament.

A

mesencephalic

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27
Q

The peripheral branches of the axons of neurons in the mesencephalic nucleus of the trigeminal nerve innervate muscle spindles and Golgi tendon organs in the ______ ____________ and corpuscles of Ruffini in the _________________ ________________

A

jaw muscles

periodontal ligament

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28
Q

The ___________________ ___________ of the _________________ _________ is the only place where primary sensory neurons are found in the central nervous system.

A

mesencephalic nucleus

trigeminal nerve

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29
Q

The mesencephalic nucleus of the trigeminal contains only _____________ sensory neurons for muscle, tendon, and ligament stretch in the chewing apparatus

A

primary

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30
Q

The peripheral branches of the axons of the _____________ _____________ neurons in the mesencephalic nucleus of the trigeminal nerve descend in the mesencephalic tract of the trigeminal nerve.

A

primary sensory

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31
Q

The myelinated peripheral branches of axons of neurons in the mesencephalic nucleus of the trigeminal nerve form the ___________________ _________ of the ________________ _________ lateral to the mesencephalic nucleus.

A

mesencephalic tract

trigeminal nerve

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32
Q

Most central branches of the axons of the __________ and ________ ____________ neurons in the mesencephalic nucleus of the trigeminal nerve end in the motor nucleus of the trigeminal nerve

A

muscle

tendon stretch

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33
Q

The neurons in the mesencephalic nucleus of the trigeminal nerve are responsible for the muscle and tendon stretch reflexes in the ______ ___________.

A

jaw muscles

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34
Q

Central branches of neurons in the ___________________ ___________ of the ________________ that detect stretch in the periodontal ligament synapse on internuncial neurons that inhibit lower motor neurons for jaw muscles.

A

mesencephalic nucleus

trigeminal

35
Q

A few central branches of axons of neurons in the mesencephalic nucleus of the trigeminal nerve ascend in the opposite side of the _______________ and end in the thalamus

A

midbrain

36
Q

Muscle and tendon stretch sensation from the right side of the head synapses in the _____________ side of the ___________.

A

left (or contralateral)

thalamus

37
Q

The mesencephalic nucleus of the trigeminal nerve projects downward to the ipsilateral _________ __________ of the _________________ __________.

A

motornucleus

trigeminal nerve

38
Q

The mesencephalic nucleus of the trigeminal nerve projects upward to the ________________ side of the ____________.

A

contralateral

thalamus

39
Q

Except for the muscle, tendon, and ligament stretch neurons in the _________________ __________, all primary sensory neurons of the trigeminal nerve are in the trigeminal ganglion.

A

mesencephalic nucleus

40
Q

Peripheral processes of the axons of neurons in the trigeminal ganglion are distributed to the upper, middle, and lower thirds of the face in the __________________, ________________. and _______________ nerves.

A

ophthalmic, maxillary

mandibular

41
Q

The protopathic and epicritic nerves of the face are peripheral branches of axons of neurons in the _________ _____

A

trigeminal ganglion

42
Q

The corpuscles of Ruffini that replace muscle spindles as ____________ detectors in the muscles of facial expression are innervated by neurons in the trigeminal ganglion.

A

stretch

43
Q

The muscles of facial expression get their motor innervation via the ____________ _____________ and their sensory innervation via the ___________________ ___________.

A

facial nerve

trigeminal nerve

44
Q

Central processes of the axons of neurons in the ________________ __________ enter the lateral side of the middle of the pons as the sensory root of the trigeminal nerve

A

trigeminal ganglion

45
Q

Central processes of axons of neurons for the epicritic senses of _________________ _________, _____________, and ______________ in the face synapse in the principal sensory nucleus of the trigeminal nerve.

A

discriminative touch
pressure
vibration

46
Q

Central processes of axons of epicritic neurons for the face synapse on internuncial neurons in the _____________ __________ _________ of the _________________ _________ just lateral to the motor nucleus.

A

principal sensory nucleus

trigeminal nerve

47
Q

The principal sensory nucleus of the trigeminal nerve is at the mid-pontine level, __________ to the motor nucleus.

A

lateral

48
Q

______________ senses synapse in the principal sensory nucleus of the trigeminal nerve, _________________ senses do not.

A

Epicritic

protopathic

49
Q

The motor nucleus of the trigeminal nerve is _________ to the principal sensory nucleus and ventral (or anterior) to the mesencephalic nucleus at the mid pontine level

A

medial

50
Q

Internuncial neurons in the _____________ ___________ __________ of the trigeminal nerve relay epicritic information from the ________ to both sides of the thalamus

A

principal sensory nucleus

face (or head)

51
Q

Epicritic information from the face is unusual in that is received by ________ ________ of the thalamus.

A

both sides

52
Q

The ______________ ___________ _________ of the trigeminal nerve projects to the ipsilateral side of the ___________ through the dorsal trigeminothalamic tracts

A

principal sensory nucleus

thalamus

53
Q

The principal sensory nucleus of the trigeminal nerve projects to the _______________ side of the thalamus through the ventral trigeminothalamic tract.

A

contralateral

54
Q

Each side of the thalamus receives epicritic sensations from the _____________ side of the face through the dorsal trigeminothalamic tract and epicritic sensations from the ________________ side of the face from the ventral trigeminothalamic tract.

A

ipsilateral

contralateral

55
Q

The _________ trigeminothalamic tract crosses in the pons, but the ________ trigeminothalamic tract does not cross.

A

ventral

dorsal

56
Q

The _________ _______________________ ________ is made up of crossed fibers that travel toward the thalamus along the dorsal side of the medial lemniscua.

A

ventral trigeminothalamic tract

57
Q

The ventral trigeminothalamic tract is often called the trigeminal lemniscus because of its proximity to the ________ ____________ and the similarity of their functions.

A

medial lemniscus

58
Q

The dorsal trigeminothalamic tract is made up of _______________ fibers that travel toward the thalamus along the dorsal side of the central tegmental tract.

A

uncrossed

59
Q

The ________ ___________________ _______ carries epicritic sensations from the contralateral side of the face, and the ________ ___________________ _______ carries epicritic sensations from the ipsilateral side of the face

A

ventral trigeminothalamic tract

dorsal trigeminothalamic tract

60
Q

Primary sensory neurons for the protopathic senses of ________, _______________, and ________ _________ in the face are in the ________________ ____________.

A

pain, temperature, vague touch

trigeminal ganglion

61
Q

Central processes of the axons of protopathic neurons in the trigeminal ganglion enter the pons in the _______________ _________ and descend through the lower pons and medulla as the spinal tract of the trigeminal nerve.

A

trigeminal nerve

62
Q

Central processes of the axons of protopathic neurons in the trigeminal ganglion form the _________ _________ of the ________________ ________.

A

spinaltract

trigeminal nerve

63
Q

Fibers in the spinal tract of the trigeminal nerve descend in the _________ &_________ and synapse in the “spinal nucleus” of the trigeminal nerve medial to the spinal tract.

A

lower pons

medulla

64
Q

Pain and light touch in the cornea makes its first synapse in the ___________ _____________ of the __________________ __________

A

spinal nucleus

trigeminal nerve

65
Q

The spinal nucleus of the trigeminal nerve is _________ to the spinal tract of the trigeminal nerve

A

medial

66
Q

The spinal tract of the trigeminal nerve carries only _______________ sensations

A

protopathic

67
Q

The afferent limb of the corneal reflex is in the __________________ ____________; the efferent (effector) limb is in the ___________ ____________.

A 
trigeminal nerve (and spinal tract)
	facial nerve
68
Q

The spinal nucleus of the trigeminal nerve gets its name from the fact that it extends from the mid-pontine level to the uppermost _________ level.

A

cervical

69
Q

The spinal tract of the trigeminal nerve also extends from the _____-__________ level to the C1 level.

A

mid-pontine

70
Q

The spinal tract of the trigeminal nerve is ____________ to the spinal nucleus of the trigeminal nerve

A

lateral

71
Q

The first cervical nerve often has no sensory root because the posterior horn region of the spinal cord at the C1 level is occupied by the _________ ____________ of the _________________ ________.

A

spinal nucleus

trigeminal nucleus

72
Q

Protopathic sensations in the face make their first synapse in the __________ ___________ of the ___________________ ________.

A

spinal nucleus

trigeminal nerve

73
Q

The spinal nucleus of the trigeminal nerve relays _________________ sensations from the face to the contralateral side of the thalamus.

A

protopathic

74
Q

The thalamus receives ___________information from both sides of the face but receives _________________ information only from the opposite side.

A

epicritic

protopathic

75
Q

The __________ nucleus and the ____________ ___________ nucleus of V are at the mid-pontine level; the __________ nucleus is caudal to them, and the __________________ nucleus is rostral to them.

A

motor
principal sensory
spinal
mesencephalic

76
Q

The motor nucleus of V contains ___________ __________ neurons for the __________ muscles

A

lower motor

jaw (or chewing)

77
Q

The principal sensory nucleus of V contains _________ order neurons for _____________ senses

A

second

epicritic

78
Q

The principal sensory nucleus of V projects to the ipsilateral side of the thalamus via the ___________ _______________________ ___________.

A

dorsal (or posterior) trigeminothalamic tract

79
Q

The principal sensory nucleus of V projects to the contralateral side of the thalamus via the
___________ _______________________ ____________.

A

ventral (or anterior) trigeminothalamic tract

80
Q

The spinal nucleus of the trigeminal contains __________ order neurons for ________________ senses.

A

second

protopathic

81
Q

The spinal nucleus of the trigeminal projects to the __________________ side of the thalamus via the ____________ _____________________ ____________.

A

contralateral

ventral trigeminothalamic tract

82
Q

The mesencephalic nucleus of the trigeminal contains _________ order neurons for _____________.

A

first

stretch

83
Q

The principal projection of the mesencephalic nucleus of the trigeminal nerve is to the ___________ _____________ ____ _____ __________________ ___________.

A

motor nucleus of the trigeminal nerve

Neuroanatomy (19 decks)

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