chapter 3 test review Flashcards
catabolism
releases energy by breaking down complex molecules into simpler compounds
anabolism
consume energy to build complex molecules from simpler ones
metabolism
Totality of organisms chemical reactions
Manages materials and energy resources of cell
Which reaction (anabolic vs. catabolic) needs energy, which one creates energy
Catabolic CREATES energy
Anabolic NEEDS energy
Which reaction is spontaneous (anabolic vs. catabolic)
Catabolic are spontaneous
Anabolic are non spontaneous (bc requires energy)
What is a spontaneous reaction?
When energy is released
A.k.a : exergonic reaction
Delta G < 0 (losing/releases energy so negative)
non-spontaneous reaction
when energy is required
Endergonic reactions
Absorbs free energy
Delta G > 0 (adding energy so positive)
2 laws of thermodynamics
First law: energy of the universe is constant
Second law: every energy transfer or transformation increases entropy (disorder) of universe
1st law of thermodynamics
energy can be transferred and transformed but it cannot be created or destroyed
total energy in universe is constant
2nd law of thermodynamics
During every energy transfer or transformation, some energy is unusable and often lost as heat
state of entropy of universe will always increase over time
free energy
amount of energy needed to do work
entropy
disorder (how things are disordered when there is an energy exchange)
enthalpy
a thermodynamic quantity equivalent to the total heat content of a system. It is equal to the internal energy of the system plus the product of pressure and volume
Delta G means
the change in free energy
kinetic energy
energy asscoiated with motion
potential energy
stored energy as result of its position or structure
open systems
energy and matter can be transferred between system and its surroundings (not contained)
closed systems
isolated from its surroundings (contained)
When is the change in free energy negative?
Spontaneous (doesnt require outside energy); gives energy to surroundings; called exergonic rxn
When is the change in free energy positive
Process requires energy from outside; called endergonic rxn
When is the change in free energy zero?
equillibrium
exergonic reaction
energy released, spontaneous reaction, delta G < 0
reactants have more energy than products
endergonic reaction
energy required, absorbs free energy, not spontaneous, delta G > 0
reactants have less energy than products
energy coupling
Using an exergonic process to drive an endergonic one
ATP released from exergonic rxn is the energy absorbed in endergonic rxns
Energy released by catabolic reaction used by an anabolic reaction.
Energy transferred from one reaction to another.
