chapter 3 test review

Question 1

catabolism

Answer 1

releases energy by breaking down complex molecules into simpler compounds

Question 2

anabolism

Answer 2

consume energy to build complex molecules from simpler ones

Question 3

metabolism

Answer 3

Totality of organisms chemical reactions
Manages materials and energy resources of cell

Question 4

Which reaction (anabolic vs. catabolic) needs energy, which one creates energy

Answer 4

Catabolic CREATES energy
Anabolic NEEDS energy

Question 5

Which reaction is spontaneous (anabolic vs. catabolic)

Answer 5

Catabolic are spontaneous
Anabolic are non spontaneous (bc requires energy)

Question 6

What is a spontaneous reaction?

Answer 6

When energy is released
A.k.a : exergonic reaction
Delta G < 0 (losing/releases energy so negative)

Question 7

non-spontaneous reaction

Answer 7

when energy is required
Endergonic reactions
Absorbs free energy
Delta G > 0 (adding energy so positive)

Question 8

2 laws of thermodynamics

Answer 8

First law: energy of the universe is constant
Second law: every energy transfer or transformation increases entropy (disorder) of universe

Question 9

1st law of thermodynamics

Answer 9

energy can be transferred and transformed but it cannot be created or destroyed
total energy in universe is constant

Question 10

2nd law of thermodynamics

Answer 10

During every energy transfer or transformation, some energy is unusable and often lost as heat
state of entropy of universe will always increase over time

Question 11

free energy

Answer 11

amount of energy needed to do work

Question 12

entropy

Answer 12

disorder (how things are disordered when there is an energy exchange)

Question 13

enthalpy

Answer 13

a thermodynamic quantity equivalent to the total heat content of a system. It is equal to the internal energy of the system plus the product of pressure and volume

Question 14

Delta G means

Answer 14

the change in free energy

Question 15

kinetic energy

Answer 15

energy asscoiated with motion

Question 16

potential energy

Answer 16

stored energy as result of its position or structure

Question 17

open systems

Answer 17

energy and matter can be transferred between system and its surroundings (not contained)

Question 18

closed systems

Answer 18

isolated from its surroundings (contained)

Question 19

When is the change in free energy negative?

Answer 19

Spontaneous (doesnt require outside energy); gives energy to surroundings; called exergonic rxn

Question 20

When is the change in free energy positive

Answer 20

Process requires energy from outside; called endergonic rxn

Question 21

When is the change in free energy zero?

Answer 21

equillibrium

Question 22

exergonic reaction

Answer 22

energy released, spontaneous reaction, delta G < 0
reactants have more energy than products

Question 23

endergonic reaction

Answer 23

energy required, absorbs free energy, not spontaneous, delta G > 0
reactants have less energy than products

Question 24

energy coupling

Answer 24

Using an exergonic process to drive an endergonic one
ATP released from exergonic rxn is the energy absorbed in endergonic rxns
Energy released by catabolic reaction used by an anabolic reaction.
Energy transferred from one reaction to another.