1.0 scientific method

Question 1

scientific process steps

Answer 1

1. make an observation/identify a problem
2. gather information
3. formulate hypothesis and prediction
4. design and experiment
5. record and organize data
6. analyze data
7. draw conclusions
   use conclusions to develop a new hypothesis

Question 2

how to gather knowledge?

Answer 2

conduct background knowledge
use references

Question 3

after making observations and gathering knowledge, scientists use _. what is it? explain

Answer 3

inductive reasoning (use of creative thinking to combine isolated facts into a cohesive whole)
-logical process where all valid observations are combined before producing a general statement

Question 4

hypothesis definition

Answer 4

possible explanation for a natural event
statement that can be tested
influenced by past experiences

Question 5

what does a hypothesis include?

Answer 5

organism being studied
independent variable (cause)
dependent variable (effect)

Question 6

deductive reasoning definition

Answer 6

logical process by which a prediction is produced from a general statement

Question 7

what format does deductive reasoning use?

Answer 7

if-then

Question 8

what is the importance of a prediction?

Answer 8

helps a scientist know what to do next/how to test a hypothesis

Question 9

null hypothesis definition

Answer 9

States that there is no relation between the independent and dependent variable

the relationship proposed in alternate hypothesis is not true

negatively phrased

Question 10

research hypothesis is only accepted if

Answer 10

the null hypothesis is rejected

Question 11

its easier to disprove a null hypothesis than

Answer 11

prove an alternative hypothesis

Question 12

methods to test hypothesis

Answer 12

experimental treatment/test groups (independent variable changed for each group)
control group
variables

Question 13

variable definition

Answer 13

any characteristic or property able to take a range of values

Question 14

independent variable definition

Answer 14

factor of the experiment being tested
changed by scientist on purpose
the “cause”

Question 15

variable axis plots

Answer 15

independent: x axis
dependent: y axis

Question 16

dependent variable definition

Answer 16

result/change that occurs from independent variable
measured in experiment

Question 17

controlled variable definition

Answer 17

all experimental factors kept the same except independent variable

Question 18

what is the purpose of the controlled variable?

Answer 18

keep the experiment unbiased

Question 19

experimental groups definition

Answer 19

treatment/test groups with a different independent variable in each group, everything else is held constant

tests the effect of the independent variable on the dependent variable

Question 20

control group defintion

Answer 20

standard treatment group

lacks independent variable, same controlled variables

ensures that the independent variable is the cause of change in an experiment

Question 21

3 types of graphs used

Answer 21

bar
line
pie

Question 22

what are statistical tests used for?

Answer 22

determining if there is statistically significant effect of the independent variable on the dependent variable

if you should accept/reject null hypothesis, then accept/reject alternative hypothesis