chapter 3 part 2 (tissues) Flashcards
what are the 4 types of tissues?
1) epithelial
2) connective
3) nervous
4) muscular
what is epithelial tissues used for?
1) boundries and barriers
2) absorption and secretion
what is connective tissue used for?
1) binding and anchoring
2) support and protection
what is nervous tissue used for?
communicating over a distance
what is muscular tissue used for?
contracting to cause or prevent movement
where is epithelial tissue located?
1) lines body and organs
2) gland tissue
what are the 4 functions of epithelial tissue?
1) protection
2) absorption
3) filtration
4) secretion
what are the parts of epithelial tissue?
1) apical surface
2) basal surface
3) has a basement membrane
how is epithelial tissue classified?
1) number of cell layers
2) shape of cells
what are the 2 epithelial tissue layer classifications?
1) simple
2) stratified
what are the 3 epithelial tissue shape classifications?
1) squamous
2) cuboidal
3) columnar
what is simple epithelial tissue?
epithelial tissue with one layer of cells
what is stratified epithelial tissue?
epithelial tissue with more than 1 layer of cells
what are squamous epithelial cells?
epithelial tissue that is flattened
what is cuboidal epithelial tissue?
epithelial cells that are cube shaped
what are columnar epithelial cells?
epithelial cells shaped like columns
epithelial tissue is classified by what section of the tissue?
the cells closest to the apical surface
what is the function and locations stratified cuboidal and columnar cells?
function is protection
located in the ducts of large glands (rare)
whats the orientation stratified columnar epithelial cells?
the surface cells are columnar but the cells beneath vary in size and shape
what is the function and location of transitional epithelium?
made to stretch and return to normal shape
located in urinary system organs
whats the function of glandular epitheium
secretion
what is the delivery method of endocrine glands?
hormones diffuse into blood vessles(ductless)
what is the delivery method of exocrine glands?
secretions empty through ducts to the epithelial surface
what are 2 characteristics of connective tissue
1) large amount of cellular matrix
2) cells are small and scattered
how much blood is supplied to connective tissue?
varied
what does the extracellular matrix of connective tissue contain?
1) ground substance
2) fibers(sometimes hard to see)
what types of fibers are found in extracellular matrix of connective tissue and what color are they?
1) collagen(white)
2) elastic(yellow)
3) reticular fibers(type of colagen)
what are the 5 types of connective tissue?
1) bone
2) cartilage
3) dense connective tissue
4) loose connective tissue
5) blood(vascular tissue)
what is the appearance of osseous tissue?
1) osteocytes held in lacunae surrounded
2) central canals at the center of collagen fiber wheels
what is lacunae?
cavities in connective tissue that hold cells in place
what are the 3 types of cartilage?
1) hyaline cartilage
2) fibrocartilage
3) elastic cartilage
what is the most abundant cartilage?
hyaline
what is the appearance of hyaline cartilage?
1) has lacunae
2) collegen fibers not visable through glassy matrix
what is characteristics and location of fibrocartilage?
1) highly compressable
2) wavey collagen fibers in matrix
3) located in between vertibrae of spinal column
what is the function and location of elastic cartilage?
1) provides elasticity
2) found in the outter ear
what is the appearance and location of dense connective tissue?
1) matrix contains numerous collagen fibers and the fibroblast cells that create them
2) located in tendons, ligaments, and dermis
what are tendons, ligaments, and dermis?
1) tendons-attach muscle to bone
2) ligaments- attach bone to bone
3) dermis- is the lower layers of the skin
what are the 3 types of loose connective tissue?
1) areolar
2) adipose
3) reticular
what connective tissue can soak up fluid and cause adema?
areolar loose connective tissue
what is the appearance and function of areolar loose connective tissue?
1) matrix contains all fibers and has a cobweb like appearance
2) used to hold organs in place
which connective tissue is known as the universal packing glue?
areolar loose connective tissue
what is lamina propria?
a layer of areolar connective tissue that underlies all membranes
what is the function of adipose connective tissue?
1) insulate body
2) protects some organs
3) stores fuel
where is adipose connective tissue located?
1) under skin
2) around kidneys
3) deposits in hips, breast, and belly
what is the function of reticular connective tisse?
forms internal framework (stroma) of organs
where is reticular loose connective tissue located?
1) lymph nodes
2) spleen
3) bone marrow
what is the matrix in vascular tissue called?
blood plasma
when are soluble fibers in blood visable?
only during clotting
blood cells are the transport vehicles of the cardiovascular system, what do they transport?
1) nutrients
2) wastes
3) hormones
4) respiratory gases
what are the 3 types of muscular tissue?
1) skeletal
2) cardiac
3) smooth
what is the appearance of skeletal muscle cells??
1) striations(stripes)
2) more than one nuclei per cell
3) long and cylindrical
what types of muscle are voluntarily controlled?
skeletal muscle
what is the visual appearance of cardiac muscle cells?
1) striations(stripes)
2) one nucleus per cell
3) short,branching cells
4) disks between cells that contain gap junctions
what is the appearance of smooth(visceral) muscle?
1) no visable striations(stipes)
2) one nucleus per cell
3) cells shaped like spindles
whats the locations of smooth (visceral) muscle?
hollow organs such as
1) stomach
2) uterus
3) blood vessels
what is the location and function of neuroglia?
1) located throughout the matrix between neurons
2) they insulate, protect, and support neurons
what are neuron processes?
the network of wires that connect neurons together
what are the 2 types of tissue repair?
1) regeneration
2) fibrosis
what is tissue regeneration?
destroyed tissue is replaced with the same type of cells that were destroyed
what is tissue fibrosis?
destroyed tissue is replaced with fibrous connective tissue
regeneration or fibrosis depends on what 2 factors?
1) severity of injury
2) type of tissue damaged
what are the stages of tissue repair?
1) inflamation sets in
2) granulation tissue forms
3) permanent repair
what happens in the first stage of tissue repair?
1) capillaries become permeable
2) clotting proteins migrate from bloodstream
3) clot walls off inuured area
what happens in the second stage of tissue repair?
1) new capillaries grow
2) phagocytes get rid of clot and fibroblasts
3) rebuilds collagen fibers
what happens in the third stage of tissue repair?
1) scab detaches
2) repair completed
what tissues regenerate easily?
1) epithelial
2) fibrous connective
what tissues regenerate poorly?
skeletal muscle
what tissue gets replaced with scar tissue?
1) cardiac muscle
2) nervous tissue within brain and spinal cord
what is a tumor?
1) a mass of cells multiplying
2) undergoing mitosis faster than they should
what are the two types of tumors?
1) benign- slower glowing/ stays in organ of origin
2) malignant- faster growing can or has spread to other organs(cancerous)
what tissue is avascular?
epithelia tissue
