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Anatomy & Physiology > chapter 3 part 2 (tissues) > Flashcards

chapter 3 part 2 (tissues) Flashcards

1
Q

what are the 4 types of tissues?

A

1) epithelial
2) connective
3) nervous
4) muscular

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2
Q

what is epithelial tissues used for?

A

1) boundries and barriers
2) absorption and secretion

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3
Q

what is connective tissue used for?

A

1) binding and anchoring
2) support and protection

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4
Q

what is nervous tissue used for?

A

communicating over a distance

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5
Q

what is muscular tissue used for?

A

contracting to cause or prevent movement

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6
Q

where is epithelial tissue located?

A

1) lines body and organs
2) gland tissue

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7
Q

what are the 4 functions of epithelial tissue?

A

1) protection
2) absorption
3) filtration
4) secretion

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8
Q

what are the parts of epithelial tissue?

A

1) apical surface
2) basal surface
3) has a basement membrane

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9
Q

how is epithelial tissue classified?

A

1) number of cell layers
2) shape of cells

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10
Q

what are the 2 epithelial tissue layer classifications?

A

1) simple
2) stratified

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11
Q

what are the 3 epithelial tissue shape classifications?

A

1) squamous
2) cuboidal
3) columnar

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12
Q

what is simple epithelial tissue?

A

epithelial tissue with one layer of cells

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13
Q

what is stratified epithelial tissue?

A

epithelial tissue with more than 1 layer of cells

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14
Q

what are squamous epithelial cells?

A

epithelial tissue that is flattened

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15
Q

what is cuboidal epithelial tissue?

A

epithelial cells that are cube shaped

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16
Q

what are columnar epithelial cells?

A

epithelial cells shaped like columns

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17
Q

epithelial tissue is classified by what section of the tissue?

A

the cells closest to the apical surface

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18
Q

what is the function and locations stratified cuboidal and columnar cells?

A

function is protection

located in the ducts of large glands (rare)

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19
Q

whats the orientation stratified columnar epithelial cells?

A

the surface cells are columnar but the cells beneath vary in size and shape

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20
Q

what is the function and location of transitional epithelium?

A

made to stretch and return to normal shape

located in urinary system organs

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21
Q

whats the function of glandular epitheium

A

secretion

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22
Q

what is the delivery method of endocrine glands?

A

hormones diffuse into blood vessles(ductless)

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23
Q

what is the delivery method of exocrine glands?

A

secretions empty through ducts to the epithelial surface

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24
Q

what are 2 characteristics of connective tissue

A

1) large amount of cellular matrix
2) cells are small and scattered

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25
Q

how much blood is supplied to connective tissue?

A

varied

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26
Q

what does the extracellular matrix of connective tissue contain?

A

1) ground substance
2) fibers(sometimes hard to see)

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27
Q

what types of fibers are found in extracellular matrix of connective tissue and what color are they?

A

1) collagen(white)
2) elastic(yellow)
3) reticular fibers(type of colagen)

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28
Q

what are the 5 types of connective tissue?

A

1) bone
2) cartilage
3) dense connective tissue
4) loose connective tissue
5) blood(vascular tissue)

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29
Q

what is the appearance of osseous tissue?

A

1) osteocytes held in lacunae surrounded
2) central canals at the center of collagen fiber wheels

30
Q

what is lacunae?

A

cavities in connective tissue that hold cells in place

31
Q

what are the 3 types of cartilage?

A

1) hyaline cartilage
2) fibrocartilage
3) elastic cartilage

32
Q

what is the most abundant cartilage?

A

hyaline

33
Q

what is the appearance of hyaline cartilage?

A

1) has lacunae
2) collegen fibers not visable through glassy matrix

34
Q

what is characteristics and location of fibrocartilage?

A

1) highly compressable
2) wavey collagen fibers in matrix
3) located in between vertibrae of spinal column

35
Q

what is the function and location of elastic cartilage?

A

1) provides elasticity
2) found in the outter ear

36
Q

what is the appearance and location of dense connective tissue?

A

1) matrix contains numerous collagen fibers and the fibroblast cells that create them
2) located in tendons, ligaments, and dermis

37
Q

what are tendons, ligaments, and dermis?

A

1) tendons-attach muscle to bone
2) ligaments- attach bone to bone
3) dermis- is the lower layers of the skin

38
Q

what are the 3 types of loose connective tissue?

A

1) areolar
2) adipose
3) reticular

39
Q

what connective tissue can soak up fluid and cause adema?

A

areolar loose connective tissue

40
Q

what is the appearance and function of areolar loose connective tissue?

A

1) matrix contains all fibers and has a cobweb like appearance
2) used to hold organs in place

41
Q

which connective tissue is known as the universal packing glue?

A

areolar loose connective tissue

42
Q

what is lamina propria?

A

a layer of areolar connective tissue that underlies all membranes

43
Q

what is the function of adipose connective tissue?

A

1) insulate body
2) protects some organs
3) stores fuel

44
Q

where is adipose connective tissue located?

A

1) under skin
2) around kidneys
3) deposits in hips, breast, and belly

45
Q

what is the function of reticular connective tisse?

A

forms internal framework (stroma) of organs

46
Q

where is reticular loose connective tissue located?

A

1) lymph nodes
2) spleen
3) bone marrow

47
Q

what is the matrix in vascular tissue called?

A

blood plasma

48
Q

when are soluble fibers in blood visable?

A

only during clotting

49
Q

blood cells are the transport vehicles of the cardiovascular system, what do they transport?

A

1) nutrients
2) wastes
3) hormones
4) respiratory gases

50
Q

what are the 3 types of muscular tissue?

A

1) skeletal
2) cardiac
3) smooth

51
Q

what is the appearance of skeletal muscle cells??

A

1) striations(stripes)
2) more than one nuclei per cell
3) long and cylindrical

52
Q

what types of muscle are voluntarily controlled?

A

skeletal muscle

53
Q

what is the visual appearance of cardiac muscle cells?

A

1) striations(stripes)
2) one nucleus per cell
3) short,branching cells
4) disks between cells that contain gap junctions

54
Q

what is the appearance of smooth(visceral) muscle?

A

1) no visable striations(stipes)
2) one nucleus per cell
3) cells shaped like spindles

55
Q

whats the locations of smooth (visceral) muscle?

A

hollow organs such as

1) stomach
2) uterus
3) blood vessels

56
Q

what is the location and function of neuroglia?

A

1) located throughout the matrix between neurons
2) they insulate, protect, and support neurons

57
Q

what are neuron processes?

A

the network of wires that connect neurons together

58
Q

what are the 2 types of tissue repair?

A

1) regeneration
2) fibrosis

59
Q

what is tissue regeneration?

A

destroyed tissue is replaced with the same type of cells that were destroyed

60
Q

what is tissue fibrosis?

A

destroyed tissue is replaced with fibrous connective tissue

61
Q

regeneration or fibrosis depends on what 2 factors?

A

1) severity of injury
2) type of tissue damaged

62
Q

what are the stages of tissue repair?

A

1) inflamation sets in
2) granulation tissue forms
3) permanent repair

63
Q

what happens in the first stage of tissue repair?

A

1) capillaries become permeable
2) clotting proteins migrate from bloodstream
3) clot walls off inuured area

64
Q

what happens in the second stage of tissue repair?

A

1) new capillaries grow
2) phagocytes get rid of clot and fibroblasts
3) rebuilds collagen fibers

65
Q

what happens in the third stage of tissue repair?

A

1) scab detaches
2) repair completed

66
Q

what tissues regenerate easily?

A

1) epithelial
2) fibrous connective

67
Q

what tissues regenerate poorly?

A

skeletal muscle

68
Q

what tissue gets replaced with scar tissue?

A

1) cardiac muscle
2) nervous tissue within brain and spinal cord

69
Q

what is a tumor?

A

1) a mass of cells multiplying
2) undergoing mitosis faster than they should

70
Q

what are the two types of tumors?

A

1) benign- slower glowing/ stays in organ of origin
2) malignant- faster growing can or has spread to other organs(cancerous)

71
Q

what tissue is avascular?

A

epithelia tissue

Anatomy & Physiology (18 decks)

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