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Anatomy & Physiology > chapter 10 blood > Flashcards

chapter 10 blood Flashcards

1
Q

what color is oxygen rich and oxygen poor blood?

A

oxygen rich blood is scarlet red

oxygen poor blood is dull red/ purple

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2
Q

what does blood taste like?

A

metallic and salty

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3
Q

what is the PH of normal blood?

A

7.35-7.45 (slightly alkaline)

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4
Q

what is the temperature of blood?

A

about 38 degrees C / 100.4 degrees F

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5
Q

about how much blood is found in a healthy adult?

A

about 5-6 quarts

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6
Q

what % of body weight is made up of blood?

A

about 8%

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7
Q

what % of plasma is made of water?

A

about 90%

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8
Q

what dissolved substances are found in plasma?

A

1) nutrients
2) salts(electrolytes)
3) respiratory gases
4) hormones
5) plasma proteins
6) waste

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9
Q

what is the most abundant solute in plasma?

A

plasma proteins

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10
Q

where are most plasma proteins produced?

A

the liver

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11
Q

albumin =

clotting proteins =

antibodies =

A

albumin = a plasma protein that is an important blood buffer that contributes to osmotic pressure

clotting proteins = plasma proteins that help stem blood loss when a vessel is injured

antibodies = plasma proteins that help protect the body from pathogens

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12
Q

what color is plasma?

A

straw colored

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13
Q

how is blood PH restored when it becomes too acidic or alkaline?

A

respiratory and urinary systems restore it

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14
Q

what element of blood is responsible for heat distribution?

A

plasma

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15
Q

what 3 components make up “whole blood”?

what % of “whole blood” do they make up?

A

erythrocytes = about 44%

buffy coat = about 1%

plasma = about 55%

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16
Q

what is buffy coat?

A

leukocytes and platelets

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17
Q

blood smear =

A

blood smeared on a slide to be viewed with a microscope

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18
Q

what are the 3 functions of blood?

A

1) transportation
2) regulation
3) protection

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19
Q

what does blood transport?

A

1) oxygen
2) carbon dioxide
3) hormones
4) nutrients
5) waste

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20
Q

what does blood help regulate?

A

1) body temp
2) PH
3) fluid levels in the cardiovascular system

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21
Q

what does blood protect against?

A

leukocytes gaurd against infection by triggering immune response to antigens

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22
Q

antigen =

A

substances the body perceives as foreign that trigger an immune response

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23
Q

hematocrit =

A

the %volume of erythrocytes in blood

24
Q

hematocrit varies with what?

A

1) age (children are more variable)
2) sex (men are slightly higher on average

25
Q

what is the lifespan of a healthy erythrocyte?

A

120 days

26
Q

are erythrocytes considered to be true cells?

why or why not?

A

no, they lack a nucleus and organelles

27
Q

what is the diameter of a normal erythrocyte?

A

7.5 micro meters

28
Q

what is a rouleau?

A

the single file erythrocytes line up in as they pass through small blood vessels

29
Q

how much hemoglobin is contained within a single erythrocyte?

A

about 280 million molecules

30
Q

what component of erythrocytes transports respiratory gases?

A

hemoglobin

31
Q

oxygenated hemoglobin =

deoxygenated hemoglobin =

A

oxygenated hemoglobin = fully loaded with oxygen

deoxygenated hemoglobin = some oxygen is lost and carbon dioxide is gained

32
Q

what is the life cycle / recycling process of erythrocyte components?

A

1) erythrocytes form in red marrow
2) erythrocytes enter blood and circulate for about 120 days
3) ages erythrocytes are phagocytized in the liver and spleen
4) heme components are recycled
5) amino acids break down erythrocyte membranes and globin proteins which is used to make new erythrocytes

33
Q

heme =

A

the iron component of blood

34
Q

anemia =

A

a decreaced ability of the blood to carry oxygen

35
Q

anemia can be due to :

A

1) lower than normal number of erythrocytes
2) abnormal or deficient hemoglobin content in erythrocytes

36
Q

sickle cell anemia =

A

abnormally shaped hemoglobin

37
Q

leukopenia =

A

reduced number of white blood cells

38
Q

leukocytosis =

A

increased number of leukocytes in blood

39
Q

which leukocytes are granulocytes?

A

1) neutrophils
2) eosinophils
3) basophils

40
Q

which leukocytes are agranulocytes?

A

1) lymphocytes
2) monocytes

41
Q

what is the mnemonic for leukocytes from most to least abundant?

A

never let monkeys eat bananas

42
Q

what are the leukocytes from most to least abundant?

A

1) neutrophils
2) lymphocytes
3) monocytes
4) eosinophils
5) basophils

43
Q

platelets =

A

small, irregular, membrane enclosed cell fragments that dont have a nucleus and are involved in clotting

44
Q

where are platelets produced and what are they produced from?

A

theyre produced in the red bone marrow from cells called megakaryocytes

45
Q

thrombocytopenia =

A

abnormally small number of platelets

46
Q

leukemia =

A

cancer in leukocyte forming cells

has no solid tumors

47
Q

acute leukemia =

A

sudden onset, rapid progression, and more common in children

48
Q

chronic leukemia =

A

slower onset, slower progression, and more common in adults

49
Q

what are some symptoms of leukemia?

A

anemia, bleeding, frequent infections

50
Q

how are leukemias classified?

A

by affected cell type

51
Q

lymphoma =

A

group of cancers that affect lymphocytes

solid tumors are formed

52
Q

where does lymphoma typically start?

A

lymph nodes or spleen

53
Q

what are the 2 major catagories of lymphoma?

A

hodgkin lymphoma and non-hodgkin lymphoma

54
Q

what type of lymphoma develope from abnormal B lymphocyte lineage?

A

hodgkin lymphoma

55
Q

what type of lymphoma may derive from either abnormal B or T ceells?

A

non-hodgkin lymphoma

56
Q

how many subtypes of hodgkin lymphoma are there?

how many subtypes of non-hodgkin lymphoma are there?

A

hodgkins = 5 subtypes

non-hodgkins = about 30 subtypes

57
Q
A

Anatomy & Physiology (18 decks)

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