Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

PSYC 200 > Chapter 3 > Flashcards

Chapter 3 Flashcards

1
Q

explain materialism

A

behaviour can be fully explained by the working of the brain and the rest of the nervous system without any need to refer to the mind

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

explain mentalism

A

of the mind; an explanation of behaviour as a function of the mind

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

stimulus to physiology is the ______. Physiology to perception is ________

A

causation.
correlation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

brain and behavior are related how?

A

the brain affects behaviour and behaviour affects the brain

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

neurons

A

the basic structural and functional units of the nervous system

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

glial cells make up how much of the brain

A

50%

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

how many glial cells are there for every 1 neuron

A

10

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

what do glial cells do

A

support, nourish neurons and remove their waste

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

what are the three types of neurons

A

motor neuron
interneuron
sensory neuron

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

what is the function of a neuron

A

receive, integrate and transmit information

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

what neuron receives the stimulus

A

sensory neuron

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

what neuron is the effector

A

motor neuron

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

what are the three parts of all neurons

A

cell body (soma)
dendrites
axon

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

function of the dendrites in a neuron

A

to receive information

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

describe the axon and what it does

A

a long, thin fibre that transmits signals away from the cell body to other neurons, muscles, or glands

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

where is the cell body in the sensory neuron

A

middle (between schwann cell and myelin sheath)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Axons are always wrapped in myelin sheath

A

not all but many

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

what does myeline sheath do

A

speeds up signal transmission along an axon

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

what is myeline sheath derived from

A

glial cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

degeneration of myelin sheath will lead to

A
  • ineffective signal transmission
  • multiple sclerosis
  • loss of muscle control
  • weakness and paralysis
  • vision difficulties
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

an axon end in a ______ ______. which is filled with

A

terminal button filled with neurotransmitters (a kind of chemical messengers)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

the cell membrane of n axon is

A

semipermeable

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

The connection between two neurons or a neuron and an effector is called

A

a synapse

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Na and K are pumped in what manner across the membrane in different rates?

A

back and forth

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
what does the different in flow rates of Na and K across the membrane do
slightly higher concentration of negatively charged ions inside the cell
26
what is the resting potential of an axon
-70 millivolts
27
The action potential
is a sudden change in voltage. when a neuron is stimulated a brief jump occurs, spike can be observed on the voltmeter
28
what happens in resting potential
NA/K pump
29
what happens in deploraization
voltage-gated Na channel (allowing Na to rush in) - negativity of the membrane potential is reduced
30
what happens in repolrization
voltage gated K channel
31
Depolarization in myelinated neurons means that action occurs only in
nodes of Ranvier
32
In depolarization, the negativity of the membrane potential is _____ (increased or decreased)
decrease, making it less negative
33
A depolarization between -70mV and -55mV shows what effects
none
34
when the negativity of a membrane potential. is reduced to less than ____ mV, an action potential occurs
-55mV
35
Repolarization is when
the transmembrane potential reaches 35mV, and the voltage-gated Na+ channels close while the voltage-gated K channels open, allowing K to rush out the membrane
36
During repolarization the negativity of the membrane potential ____ (increases or decreases)
increases, making it more negative
37
The membrane potential overshoots to ___ mV (in repolarization) when the K channels close before returning to resting position of -70mV
-90mV
38
Absolute Refractory Period
The time in between firing neuron action potentials (last 1 to 2 milliseconds)
39
Relative Refractory Period
a time when neurons can fire, but their threshold for firing is elevated, making a more intense stimulation required to initiate an action potential
40
The All or None Law
neural impulse is an all-or-none proposition, the neuron either fires or doesn't. That means when it fires, the action potentials are all the same (a weaker stimuli does not produce a smaller action potential)
41
according to the all-or-nothing law, a stronger stimulus will cause neurons to
fire more frequently than a weaker stimulus
42
According to the all-or-none law, thicker axons transmit impulses ____ than thinner ones do
more rapidly
43
what is a synapse
connection between the end of the axon of one neuron and the dendritic spine of the other neuron
44
Excitatory transmitters cause
depolarization
45
excitatory transmitters increase or decrease the likelihood of an action potential
increase (inside of receiving neuron becomes more positive)
46
Inhibitory transmitters causes
hyperpolarization
47
inhibitory transmitters increase or decrease the likelihood of action potential
decrease (inside of a receiving neuron becomes more negative)
48
in the case of a Convergent synaptic transmission
a post-synaptic neuron receives signals from multiple pre-synaptic neurons some are excitatory (positive) and some are inhibitory (negative). the summation of the strengths and directions will produce a graded (not all or nothing) post synaptic potential
49
when a neurotransmitter and a receptor molecule combine reactions in the cell membrane cause a
postsynaptic potential (PSP) - a voltage change at a receptor site on a post-synaptic cell membrane
50
Postsynaptic potential (PSP) follows the all or none law . t or f
false because it is a summation of many signals from the pre-synaptic neurons
51
Excitatory PSP (EPSP) has a ____ voltage shift, which does what to the likelihood that the postsynaptic neuron will fire action potentials
positive shift, which increases the likelihood that the postsynaptic neuron will fire action potential
52
Inhibitory PSP (IPSP) is a ____ shift, which does what to the likelihood that the postsynaptic neuron will fire action potentials
negative which decreases the likelihood
53
what is dopamines function
to influence movement, learning, and attention and emotion
54
what is serotonin functions
affects mood, hunger, sleep, and arousal
55
explain dopamine malfunctions
excess dopamine receptor activity linked to schizophrenia; when starved of dopamine the brain produces the tremors and decreased mobility of Parkinson's disease
56
example the malfunctions of serotonin
undersupply linked to depression; Prozac and some other antidepressant drugs raise serotonin levels
57
Explain the dopamine hypothesis of schizophrenia
amphetamine and cocaine create schizophrenia-like symptoms by increasing dopamine activity at the dopamine synapses acting as an agonist
58
explain agonist
a drug that mimics or enhances the effect of a neurotransmitter
59
explain Antagonist with an example
a drug that blocks or reduces the effects of a neurotransmitter. Chlorpromazine is used to reduce the symptoms of schizophrenia
60
plasticity of synapses means
the capability of change in response to environment or learning which synapses can do
61
what invokes the plasticity of synapses. what are the three different ways they can change
repetitive exposure to the same stimulus can bring long-lasting change in synapses 1. they can change the release of neurotransmitters 2. they can grow new synaptic connections 3. they modify their structures
62
what produces changes in the neurotransmitter release
learning two types 1. habituation - a simple form of learning in which the strength of a response to a certain stimulus becomes weaker with repeated presentations of that stimulus 2. sensitization - an enhanced response to a stimulus
63
habituation explained
calcium channels become less responsive to voltage changes. the influx of calcium in response to an action potential decreases, resulting in fewer neurotransmitters released at the presynaptic membrane, therefore less depolarization of the postsynaptic membrane
64
sensitization explained
Sensitization makes the K channels less responsive and slower to open. This prolongs an action's potential, which results in more Ca influx and increased transmitter release. more neurotransmitters released at the presynaptic membrane. greater depolarization of the postsynaptic membrane
65
explain why sensitization is the opposite of habituation
in sensitization, the change takes place in the potassium channels and then calcium channels. in habituation it takes place in the calcium channels
66
frontal lobe function
thinking, memory, behaviour, and movement
67
parietal lobe function
language and touch
68
temporal lobe function
hearing, learning and feelings
69
brain stem function
breathing heart rate and temperature
70
occipital lobe function
sight
71
cerebellum function
balance and coordination
72
hypothalamus function
regulates body function
73
amygdala function
emotion
74
basal ganglia function
movement and reward
75
thalamus function
sensory gateway
76
hippocampus function
memory

PSYC 200 (19 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions