ch 3 tophats Flashcards
Which structure of the neuron can be as long as a meter, allowing neurons to send information across relatively long distances?
axon
The incredible speed with which action potentials are able to rush down the length of an axon is enhanced by which of the following structures?
Myelin sheaths
Neurons convey information about the strength of stimuli by varying:
The rate at which they fire action potentials
In dopamine synapses, excessive receptor activity will cause _____; insufficient receptor activity will cause _____.
Schizophrenia, Parkinson’s disease
The cells that provide nourishment and dispose of waste for the neurons are the _____.
glial cells
It was found that Aplysia californica (a marine snail) withdrew its siphon and gill when a jet of water or an electric shock was applied to its tail. The creature demonstrated ________ when the stimulus was a jet of water; it demonstrated ________ when the stimulus was an electric shock.
habituation; hypersensitivity
Relative refractory period occurs in which phase of a nerve impulse?
Hyperpolarization
Degeneration of the myelin sheath will lead to _______.
Multiple sclerosis
When the inside of a neuron becomes more positive than the resting potential, this is called ______. When the inside of a neuron becomes more negative than the resting potential, this is called _____.
depolarization; hyperpolarization
Given that schizophrenia is caused by excessive dopamine activity at the receptor site. Which drug shown in the diagram can be used to treat schizophrenia?
Chlorpromazine
The effect of a drug that is an antagonist is to _____
block the receptor site of a particular neurotransmitter.
The path of the transmission of a neural signal follows which sequence?
Dendrites > cell body > axon > axon terminal > synapse
The hippocampus of London taxi drivers is larger than that of the average driver. What feature does this finding best illustrate?
Brain plasticity
Phineas Gage experienced great changes in personality and capability of self-control after an accident in which an iron rod went through his head. Which part of his brain was damaged (6th edition textbook section 3.7; 7th edition textbook section 3.5)?
Prefrontal cortex
The rich interconnections between difference regions in the _____ lobes enable us to possess uniquely human capabilities, including the ability to think about ourselves and consider how others view us (6thedition textbook section 3.7; 7th edition textbook 3.5).
prefrontal
An experimenter flashes the words FLY and TRAP onto a screen facing a split-brain patient so that FLY projects to her right hemisphere and TRAP to her left hemisphere. When asked what she saw, the patient will
say she saw TRAP. *
A split-brain patient has a picture of a pencil flashed to her left hemisphere and that of a key to her right hemisphere. She will be able to perform which of the following tasks?
1) Say that she saw a pencil.
2) Say that she saw a key.
3) Pick up the key using her left hand.
4) Pick up the key using her right hand.
5) Pick up the pencil using her left hand.
1 and 3
Dr. Johnson briefly flashed a picture of an apple in the right visual field of a split-brain patient. The patient would probably _____
say that she saw an apple.
Dr. Johnson briefly flashed a picture of a cup in the left visual field of a split-brain patient. The patient would probably _____
say that she saw nothing; but was able to identify the cup with her left hand. *
23. A split-brain patient has a picture of a knife flashed to her left hemisphere and that of a fork to her
A split-brain patient has a picture of a knife flashed to her left hemisphere and that of a fork to her right hemisphere. She will _____
be able to pick up a fork behind a screen with her left hand.
