ch 3 tophats Flashcards
Which structure of the neuron can be as long as a meter, allowing neurons to send information across relatively long distances?
axon
The incredible speed with which action potentials are able to rush down the length of an axon is enhanced by which of the following structures?
Myelin sheaths
Neurons convey information about the strength of stimuli by varying:
The rate at which they fire action potentials
In dopamine synapses, excessive receptor activity will cause _____; insufficient receptor activity will cause _____.
Schizophrenia, Parkinson’s disease
The cells that provide nourishment and dispose of waste for the neurons are the _____.
glial cells
It was found that Aplysia californica (a marine snail) withdrew its siphon and gill when a jet of water or an electric shock was applied to its tail. The creature demonstrated ________ when the stimulus was a jet of water; it demonstrated ________ when the stimulus was an electric shock.
habituation; hypersensitivity
Relative refractory period occurs in which phase of a nerve impulse?
Hyperpolarization
Degeneration of the myelin sheath will lead to _______.
Multiple sclerosis
When the inside of a neuron becomes more positive than the resting potential, this is called ______. When the inside of a neuron becomes more negative than the resting potential, this is called _____.
depolarization; hyperpolarization
Given that schizophrenia is caused by excessive dopamine activity at the receptor site. Which drug shown in the diagram can be used to treat schizophrenia?
Chlorpromazine
The effect of a drug that is an antagonist is to _____
block the receptor site of a particular neurotransmitter.
The path of the transmission of a neural signal follows which sequence?
Dendrites > cell body > axon > axon terminal > synapse
The hippocampus of London taxi drivers is larger than that of the average driver. What feature does this finding best illustrate?
Brain plasticity
Phineas Gage experienced great changes in personality and capability of self-control after an accident in which an iron rod went through his head. Which part of his brain was damaged (6th edition textbook section 3.7; 7th edition textbook section 3.5)?
Prefrontal cortex
The rich interconnections between difference regions in the _____ lobes enable us to possess uniquely human capabilities, including the ability to think about ourselves and consider how others view us (6thedition textbook section 3.7; 7th edition textbook 3.5).
prefrontal
