ch 2 tophat Flashcards
All of the followings are operational definitions of anxiety except ______.
A) a score on a test designed to measure anxiety level.
B) a verbal description of how being anxious feels like.
C) heart rate
D) blood pressure
a verbal description of how being anxious feels like
True or False: If X decreases, Y also decreases, then X and Y are said to be positively correlated
true
A test result that is statistically significant means that the test result
is unlikely to be due to chance
_____ is the variability among the dependent measures caused by variables other than the
independent variables. When this variability changes systematically with the independent variables,
it is called a _____
Error variance; confounding variable*
The _____ of a measure concerns its ability to produce similar results when repeated measurements
are made under identical conditions
Reliability
Intelligence is operationally defined as the score of an intelligence test that measures abilities to
obtain high grades in school. Suppose that four years ago I gave 1000 high school students an
intelligence test, and now I find that their IQ scores were a very accurate indicator of who would do
well or poorly in college. This finding would most directly demonstrate that the intelligence test has
high _____
construct validity
Many experiments have been conducted to determine how drinking alcohol influences our
behavior. Of the following experimental conditions, which one will demonstrate the placebo effect
Subjects expect alcohol but receive no alcohol.
When the results of an experiment hold true in real-world situations, this experiment is said to have
high _____ validity. When an experiment has tight control of many confounding variables such that
the independent variable accounts for a great deal of variance observed in the dependent variable.
This experiment is said to have high _____ validity.
external; internal
When you pair two variables, as one increases so does the other, the data show a _____ correlation;
as one decreases so does the other, the data show a _____ correlation.
positive; positive*
Why do scientists and researchers use inferential statistics to determine whether their results are
statistically significant?
They want to find out whether their findings would be likely to occur by chance.
The Belmont Report describes three fundamental ethical principles. What are
these three principles?
Respect for persons, beneficence, justice*
Who were the victims in the Tuskegee Syphilis Study
African American
“Institutional Review Board” as keywords. IRB is also known as _____
-independent ethics committee (IEC)
- ethical review board (ERB)
- research ethics board (REB
A developmental psychologist is examining problem-solving ability for grade-school children.
Random samples of 5-year-old and 7-year-old children are obtained, with n = 20 in each sample.
Each child is given a standardized problem-solving task. The psychologist records and compares the
number of errors made by the two groups. What is the design of this study?
Between-subjects
A researcher studies the effectiveness of a reading skills course on comprehension. A sample of 15
male students and a sample of 15 female students are studied. The researcher assesses the
students’ comprehension with a standardized reading test. The test is administered at the beginning
and then at the end of the course. The researcher compares how male and female students’ test
scores change over the semester
Mixed method
