Chapter 28- Years of Strength and Stability Flashcards
1
Q
succeeded FDR as President
A
Truman
2
Q
enacted in 1944 to provide discharge pay, hospitalization, government loans for purchasing homes, farms or businesses and educational benefits for veterans.
A
G.I. Bill of Rights
3
Q
wartime measures upset the natural cycles of
A
supply and demand
4
Q
ended the Great Depression
A
postwar economic boom
5
Q
the erosion of the value of money
A
inflation
6
Q
replaced the Wagner Act
removed certain labor abuses and to curb the growing power of labor unions over individuals and employers
A
Taft-Hartley Act
7
Q
passed to ensure that future Presidents would be limited to two terms in office
A
22nd Amendment
8
Q
won election of 1948
A
Truman
9
Q
Truman’s public support program of socialists legislation
A
Fair Deal
10
Q
provided military aid to European allies and other friendly nations
A
North Atlantic Treaty
11
Q
Truman’s programs designed to give assistance to underdeveloped countries
A
Point Four Program
12
Q
eleven members of the Communist party were tried and convicted under the
made it a crime to advocate the violent overthrow of the US government of belong to group dedicated to that purpose
A
Smith Act
13
Q
designed to bring the activities of the Communist party under closer surveillance and control
A
Internal Security Act
14
Q
a State Department official that was convicted under the Smith Act
A
Alger Hiss
15
Q
the husband and wife team that was executed for selling secrets to Russians
A
Julius and Ethel Rosenberg
16
Q
former Communist party member and spy that helped investigators find and convict Communist supporters
A
Chambers
17
Q
conducted investigations into the Communist associations of employess of various departments of the federal government
A
Joseph McCarthy
18
Q
increases Soviet espionage at home and additional friction abroad were part of the
a conflict of two opposing ideologies: Capitalism vs Communism
A
Cold War
19
Q
set up by UN to meet the threats to world peace
A
International Atomic Energy Authority
20
Q
Churchill’s name for eastern Europe
A
Iron Curtain
21
Q
stated that the US would employ its resources to prevent the overthrow of any democracy through outside interference
A
Truman Doctrine
22
Q
the European Recovery Plan that extended credits amounting to as much as $20 million to accelerate Europe’s economic renewal
A
Marshall Plan
23
Q
established by Americans all through the winter of 1948-1949 to aid the West Berliners from starvation
A
Berlin Air-Lift
24
Q
an association of nations established in 1949
A
North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO)
25
Russia countered by denouncing the past as aggressive alliance against the Soviet union, and by forming a defensive association of its own, the
Warsaw Pact
26
appointed by Truman as Supreme Commander in the Allied occupation of Japan
General Douglas MacArthur
27
treaty that officially ended the Allied occupation of Japan
Japanese Peace Treaty Conference
28
named by Truman as Supreme Allied Commander in EUROPE
General Dwight D Eisenhower
29
gave the President the authority to fix wage and price ceilings
Defense Production Act
30
Korea was partitioned along the
38th parallel
31
Chinese Communist leader
Mao Tse-Tung
32
Chinese Nationalist Leader
Chiang Kai-Shek
33
traveled to China and attempted to persuade Chiang Kai-Shek to form a coalition government which would include both Communists and Nationalists
General George Marshall
34
North Korea invaded South Korea on
June 25, 1950
35
North Korean forces continued their advance and reached the South Korean capital
Seoul
36
The outnumbered and outgunned South Koreans and Americans withdrew to a battle line called the
Pusan Perimeter
37
in April 1951, Truman shocked the nation by
abruptly removing General MacArthur from command
38
won the election of 1952
Republican Dwight D Eisenhower
39
Eisenhower's VP
Richard Nixon
40
became Secretary of State under Eisenhower
John Foster Dulles
41
President Eisenhower transformed the Federal Security Agency into the
Department of Health, Education, and Welfare
42
Ho Chi Minh drove the ___________________ out of their colony in Indochina
French
43
the Red Chinese seemed intent on "liberating" _______________ from Nationalist Chinese rule
Taiwan
44
an organization formed by Eisenhower and Dulles to resist Communist aggression and expansions
Southeast Asia Treaty Organization (SEATO)
45
weakened the SEATO alliance
absence of three of the largest non-Communist nations in Asia-- India, Indonesia, Japan
46
West Germany became known as
German Federal Republic
47
two men who helped make West Germany one of the most prosperous nations in the world
Chancellor Konrad Adenauer
Ludwig Erhard
48
the whole trend of the Eisenhower Administration was
away from the government participation in business and economy
49
the CIO and AFL united to form
AFL-CIO
50
became the first president of the AFL-CIO
George Meany
51
Congress provided for the construction of the _______________________________ in partnership with Canada
St. Lawrence Seaway
52
cleared the way for private, commercial development of atomic power
Atomic Energy Act
53
the world's first nuclear-powered merchant vessel
used to demonstrate one of the peaceful uses of atomic energy
Savannah
54
under which President did Congress enact legislation to construct a national interstate highway system and provide low-rent public housing
Eisenhower
55
Marxist leader of East Germany who attempted to increase working hours while retaining low wages
Water Ulbricht
56
the greatest resistance to Communist tyranny occurred in
Hungary
57
throughout the Cold War, _________________ was gripped by tension
Middle East
58
year the US and Great Britain helped sponsor the establishment for the nation of Israel as a haven for Jews from around the world
1948
59
Egyptian President_____________________ was especially vocal in his condemnation of the new state of Israel
Gamal Nassar
60
Claiming to be primarily interested in the peaceful development of his country, Nasser sought financial assistance from both the US and the USSR for his project of
Aswan High Dam
61
while an appeal to the UN was pending after Nasser's closing off the Suez Canal, __________________ suddenly invaded Egypt in October, responding to stepped up terrorist violence against Israel and Nasser's declaration that Israeli ships were barred from canal
Israel
62
the drive toward Arab unity had climaxed with the union of Egypt and Syria to form the
United Arab Republic (UAR)
63
country President Eisenhower sent US Marines in 1958 to protect AMerican lives and prevent an Arab revolt
Lebanon
64
Nationalist Chinese Islands bombarded by Communist CHina and protected by American naval and air forces
Quemoy and Matsu
65
doctrine expressed the President's determination to use force, if necessary, to stop Communist aggression in the Middle East
Eisenhower Doctrine
66
the first artificial satellite to orbit the earth
Sputnik I
67
Congress responded to Sputnik I and II by appropriating $40 billion for defense, authorizing the President to reorganize the Defense Department, and creating this for further US space research and development
National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA)
68
the US first man-made satellite
Explorer I
69
in the 1950s and 1960s, black Americans made considerable gains through the
civil rights movement
70
court case that made the landmark decision of "separate by equal"
Plessy vs Ferguson
71
declared racial segregation in public schools unconsitutional (1954)
Brown vs. Board of Education of Topeka
72
Supreme Court Justice that struck down the former decision (Plessy vs. Ferguson) by ruling in Brown vs. Board of Education of Topeka
Chief Justice Earl Warren
73
black American woman that got arrested for sitting in "white seat" on a bus
Rosa Parks
74
a young black American minister that stepped forward to help Rosa Parks by helping to organize a boycott of the city bus system
Martin Luther King, Jr.
75
formed by Luther King and pledged itself to nonviolent resistance in the struggle for civil rights
Southern Christian Leadership Conference (SCLC)
76
the first American President to face three Congresses controlled by the opposite party
Eisenhower
77
in 1958, Congress provided for the admission of ________________ into the Union as the 49th state
Alaska
78
The 86th Congress passed bills in march 1959 providing for the admittance of the 50th state, _____________
Hawaii
79
after the 1955 summit, Russia moved more from aggression to
peaceful coexistence
80
became premier of Soviet Union after Stalin's death
Nikita Khrushchev
81
the pilot of the reconnaissance plane shot down over Soviet Russia in 1960
Francis Gary Powers
82
the African country that was not prepared for self-government
Belgian Congo (later became Republic of the Congo)
83
two important figures who died during the civil way in the Congo
Patrice Lumamba (assassinated)
Dr Paul Carlson (murdered when Belgian paratroopers dropped in by US Air Force)
84
Cuban dictator who was ousted by Communist revolutionaries in 1959
Fulgencio Batista
85
led the Cuban revolution that ousted Batista
Fidel Castro
86
after his release from prison, castro established this in Mexico
named after his aborted attempt to seize Cuban government in 1953
26th of July Movement
87
the major medical development during the fifties
public introduction of the polio vaccine
88
introduced polio vaccine
Jonas E Salk
89
perfected another polio vaccined that could be administered by the mouth
Albert Sabin
90
the world's longest suspension bridge that connected the Upper and Lower Peninsulas of Michigan
Mackinac Straits Bridge
91
signaled the beginning of the largest domestic building program in the history of the country
Federal Aid Highway Act
Highway Revenue Act of 1956
92
linked one end of the country to anothers
Interstate Highway System
93
synonymous with football in the fifties
Jim Brown
94
leading male golfers in fifties
Arnold Palmer
95
won every important women's golf title
Babe Zaharias
96
heavyweight boxer that retired undefeated
Rocky Marciano
97
middleweight champion flawless boxing style
Sugar Ray Robinson
98
baseball heroes in the fifties
Joe DiMaggio
Ted Williams
99
the first black American ballplayer to play for a major league team
Jackie Robinson
100
won the election of 1960
John F Kennedy
101
the youngest elected President
JFK
102
said, Ask not what your country can do for you-- ask what you can do for your country
JFK
103
JFK's liberal program that laid the foundation for the greatest growth in government welfare and regulatory agencies since the New Deal
New Frontier
104
JFK's government ran large
deficits
105
by living beyond its means, borrowing large amounts of money, foolishly expanding credit, and printing excess money, the government created a
false prosperity
106
the major domestic issue during the Kennedy years was the demand for
equal rights for black Americans
107
black college students began to stage ________________- at lunch counters reserved for whites
sit-ins
108
black and white group that provoked riots in Anniston and Birmingham, AL, while riding buses
freedom riders
109
the first black American man to make an attempt to enroll in the all-white University of Mississippi
James Meredith
110
case in which public schools were forbidden to require the recitation of prayers
Engel vs. Vitale
111
court case that banned school prayers and Bible reading even if they were voluntary
Abington School District vs. Schempp
112
the most dramatic moment of the civil rights movement was when
Martin Luther King, Jr. addressed 200,000 people from the steps of the Lincoln Memorial
113
atheist and Marxist who was brought to national attention through a court case in Maryland
Madelyn O'Hair
114
pioneer American astronauts during the Kennedy Administration were all part of the _________________ program of single-manned space flights
Project Mercury
115
first American in space
Alan B Shepard
116
first American to orbit the earth
John Glenn
117
the first two American communications satellites that were placed in orbit in 1962:
Telstar (relayed transatlantic television broadcasts)
Relay (replay worldwide radio, television, and telephone communications)
118
where did American-trained Cuban freedom fighters attempt to invade Communist Cuba
Bay of Pigs
119
when Russia sent missiles to Cuba in order to attack America
Cuban Missile Crisis
120
built on August 13, 1961 to keep East Berliners from escaping to freedom in the south
Berlin Wall
121
three countries of Southeast Asia that were formerly known as French Indochina
Vietnam
Laos
Cambodia
122
Vietnam that was Marxist
North Vietnam
123
called for democratic elections in 1956 to unite Vietnam under on government, whether Communist or free
Geneva Accords
124
Communist guerillas in Vietnam
Viet Cong
125
special force group that was sent to South Vietnam by Eisenhower and later Kennefy in order to aid the South Vietnamese in their struggle against communism
Green Berets
126
suffered similar Marxist terrorism and subversion
Laos
Cambodia
127
assassinated Kennedy
Lee Harvey Oswald
128
when and where Kennedy was assassinated
November 12, 1963
Dallas, TX
