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US History > Chapter 28- Years of Strength and Stability > Flashcards

Chapter 28- Years of Strength and Stability Flashcards

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1
Q

succeeded FDR as President

A

Truman

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2
Q

enacted in 1944 to provide discharge pay, hospitalization, government loans for purchasing homes, farms or businesses and educational benefits for veterans.

A

G.I. Bill of Rights

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3
Q

wartime measures upset the natural cycles of

A

supply and demand

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4
Q

ended the Great Depression

A

postwar economic boom

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5
Q

the erosion of the value of money

A

inflation

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6
Q

replaced the Wagner Act

removed certain labor abuses and to curb the growing power of labor unions over individuals and employers

A

Taft-Hartley Act

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7
Q

passed to ensure that future Presidents would be limited to two terms in office

A

22nd Amendment

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8
Q

won election of 1948

A

Truman

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9
Q

Truman’s public support program of socialists legislation

A

Fair Deal

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10
Q

provided military aid to European allies and other friendly nations

A

North Atlantic Treaty

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11
Q

Truman’s programs designed to give assistance to underdeveloped countries

A

Point Four Program

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12
Q

eleven members of the Communist party were tried and convicted under the

made it a crime to advocate the violent overthrow of the US government of belong to group dedicated to that purpose

A

Smith Act

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13
Q

designed to bring the activities of the Communist party under closer surveillance and control

A

Internal Security Act

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14
Q

a State Department official that was convicted under the Smith Act

A

Alger Hiss

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15
Q

the husband and wife team that was executed for selling secrets to Russians

A

Julius and Ethel Rosenberg

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16
Q

former Communist party member and spy that helped investigators find and convict Communist supporters

A

Chambers

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17
Q

conducted investigations into the Communist associations of employess of various departments of the federal government

A

Joseph McCarthy

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18
Q

increases Soviet espionage at home and additional friction abroad were part of the

a conflict of two opposing ideologies: Capitalism vs Communism

A

Cold War

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19
Q

set up by UN to meet the threats to world peace

A

International Atomic Energy Authority

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20
Q

Churchill’s name for eastern Europe

A

Iron Curtain

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21
Q

stated that the US would employ its resources to prevent the overthrow of any democracy through outside interference

A

Truman Doctrine

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22
Q

the European Recovery Plan that extended credits amounting to as much as $20 million to accelerate Europe’s economic renewal

A

Marshall Plan

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23
Q

established by Americans all through the winter of 1948-1949 to aid the West Berliners from starvation

A

Berlin Air-Lift

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24
Q

an association of nations established in 1949

A

North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO)

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25
Q

Russia countered by denouncing the past as aggressive alliance against the Soviet union, and by forming a defensive association of its own, the

A

Warsaw Pact

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26
Q

appointed by Truman as Supreme Commander in the Allied occupation of Japan

A

General Douglas MacArthur

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27
Q

treaty that officially ended the Allied occupation of Japan

A

Japanese Peace Treaty Conference

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28
Q

named by Truman as Supreme Allied Commander in EUROPE

A

General Dwight D Eisenhower

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29
Q

gave the President the authority to fix wage and price ceilings

A

Defense Production Act

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30
Q

Korea was partitioned along the

A

38th parallel

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31
Q

Chinese Communist leader

A

Mao Tse-Tung

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32
Q

Chinese Nationalist Leader

A

Chiang Kai-Shek

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33
Q

traveled to China and attempted to persuade Chiang Kai-Shek to form a coalition government which would include both Communists and Nationalists

A

General George Marshall

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34
Q

North Korea invaded South Korea on

A

June 25, 1950

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35
Q

North Korean forces continued their advance and reached the South Korean capital

A

Seoul

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36
Q

The outnumbered and outgunned South Koreans and Americans withdrew to a battle line called the

A

Pusan Perimeter

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37
Q

in April 1951, Truman shocked the nation by

A

abruptly removing General MacArthur from command

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38
Q

won the election of 1952

A

Republican Dwight D Eisenhower

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39
Q

Eisenhower’s VP

A

Richard Nixon

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40
Q

became Secretary of State under Eisenhower

A

John Foster Dulles

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41
Q

President Eisenhower transformed the Federal Security Agency into the

A

Department of Health, Education, and Welfare

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42
Q

Ho Chi Minh drove the ___________________ out of their colony in Indochina

A

French

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43
Q

the Red Chinese seemed intent on “liberating” _______________ from Nationalist Chinese rule

A

Taiwan

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44
Q

an organization formed by Eisenhower and Dulles to resist Communist aggression and expansions

A

Southeast Asia Treaty Organization (SEATO)

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45
Q

weakened the SEATO alliance

A

absence of three of the largest non-Communist nations in Asia– India, Indonesia, Japan

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46
Q

West Germany became known as

A

German Federal Republic

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47
Q

two men who helped make West Germany one of the most prosperous nations in the world

A

Chancellor Konrad Adenauer
Ludwig Erhard

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48
Q

the whole trend of the Eisenhower Administration was

A

away from the government participation in business and economy

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49
Q

the CIO and AFL united to form

A

AFL-CIO

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50
Q

became the first president of the AFL-CIO

A

George Meany

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51
Q

Congress provided for the construction of the _______________________________ in partnership with Canada

A

St. Lawrence Seaway

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52
Q

cleared the way for private, commercial development of atomic power

A

Atomic Energy Act

53
Q

the world’s first nuclear-powered merchant vessel

used to demonstrate one of the peaceful uses of atomic energy

A

Savannah

54
Q

under which President did Congress enact legislation to construct a national interstate highway system and provide low-rent public housing

A

Eisenhower

55
Q

Marxist leader of East Germany who attempted to increase working hours while retaining low wages

A

Water Ulbricht

56
Q

the greatest resistance to Communist tyranny occurred in

A

Hungary

57
Q

throughout the Cold War, _________________ was gripped by tension

A

Middle East

58
Q

year the US and Great Britain helped sponsor the establishment for the nation of Israel as a haven for Jews from around the world

A

1948

59
Q

Egyptian President_____________________ was especially vocal in his condemnation of the new state of Israel

A

Gamal Nassar

60
Q

Claiming to be primarily interested in the peaceful development of his country, Nasser sought financial assistance from both the US and the USSR for his project of

A

Aswan High Dam

61
Q

while an appeal to the UN was pending after Nasser’s closing off the Suez Canal, __________________ suddenly invaded Egypt in October, responding to stepped up terrorist violence against Israel and Nasser’s declaration that Israeli ships were barred from canal

A

Israel

62
Q

the drive toward Arab unity had climaxed with the union of Egypt and Syria to form the

A

United Arab Republic (UAR)

63
Q

country President Eisenhower sent US Marines in 1958 to protect AMerican lives and prevent an Arab revolt

A

Lebanon

64
Q

Nationalist Chinese Islands bombarded by Communist CHina and protected by American naval and air forces

A

Quemoy and Matsu

65
Q

doctrine expressed the President’s determination to use force, if necessary, to stop Communist aggression in the Middle East

A

Eisenhower Doctrine

66
Q

the first artificial satellite to orbit the earth

A

Sputnik I

67
Q

Congress responded to Sputnik I and II by appropriating $40 billion for defense, authorizing the President to reorganize the Defense Department, and creating this for further US space research and development

A

National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA)

68
Q

the US first man-made satellite

A

Explorer I

69
Q

in the 1950s and 1960s, black Americans made considerable gains through the

A

civil rights movement

70
Q

court case that made the landmark decision of “separate by equal”

A

Plessy vs Ferguson

71
Q

declared racial segregation in public schools unconsitutional (1954)

A

Brown vs. Board of Education of Topeka

72
Q

Supreme Court Justice that struck down the former decision (Plessy vs. Ferguson) by ruling in Brown vs. Board of Education of Topeka

A

Chief Justice Earl Warren

73
Q

black American woman that got arrested for sitting in “white seat” on a bus

A

Rosa Parks

74
Q

a young black American minister that stepped forward to help Rosa Parks by helping to organize a boycott of the city bus system

A

Martin Luther King, Jr.

75
Q

formed by Luther King and pledged itself to nonviolent resistance in the struggle for civil rights

A

Southern Christian Leadership Conference (SCLC)

76
Q

the first American President to face three Congresses controlled by the opposite party

A

Eisenhower

77
Q

in 1958, Congress provided for the admission of ________________ into the Union as the 49th state

A

Alaska

78
Q

The 86th Congress passed bills in march 1959 providing for the admittance of the 50th state, _____________

A

Hawaii

79
Q

after the 1955 summit, Russia moved more from aggression to

A

peaceful coexistence

80
Q

became premier of Soviet Union after Stalin’s death

A

Nikita Khrushchev

81
Q

the pilot of the reconnaissance plane shot down over Soviet Russia in 1960

A

Francis Gary Powers

82
Q

the African country that was not prepared for self-government

A

Belgian Congo (later became Republic of the Congo)

83
Q

two important figures who died during the civil way in the Congo

A

Patrice Lumamba (assassinated)

Dr Paul Carlson (murdered when Belgian paratroopers dropped in by US Air Force)

84
Q

Cuban dictator who was ousted by Communist revolutionaries in 1959

A

Fulgencio Batista

85
Q

led the Cuban revolution that ousted Batista

A

Fidel Castro

86
Q

after his release from prison, castro established this in Mexico

named after his aborted attempt to seize Cuban government in 1953

A

26th of July Movement

87
Q

the major medical development during the fifties

A

public introduction of the polio vaccine

88
Q

introduced polio vaccine

A

Jonas E Salk

89
Q

perfected another polio vaccined that could be administered by the mouth

A

Albert Sabin

90
Q

the world’s longest suspension bridge that connected the Upper and Lower Peninsulas of Michigan

A

Mackinac Straits Bridge

91
Q

signaled the beginning of the largest domestic building program in the history of the country

A

Federal Aid Highway Act
Highway Revenue Act of 1956

92
Q

linked one end of the country to anothers

A

Interstate Highway System

93
Q

synonymous with football in the fifties

A

Jim Brown

94
Q

leading male golfers in fifties

A

Arnold Palmer

95
Q

won every important women’s golf title

A

Babe Zaharias

96
Q

heavyweight boxer that retired undefeated

A

Rocky Marciano

97
Q

middleweight champion flawless boxing style

A

Sugar Ray Robinson

98
Q

baseball heroes in the fifties

A

Joe DiMaggio
Ted Williams

99
Q

the first black American ballplayer to play for a major league team

A

Jackie Robinson

100
Q

won the election of 1960

A

John F Kennedy

101
Q

the youngest elected President

A

JFK

102
Q

said, Ask not what your country can do for you– ask what you can do for your country

A

JFK

103
Q

JFK’s liberal program that laid the foundation for the greatest growth in government welfare and regulatory agencies since the New Deal

A

New Frontier

104
Q

JFK’s government ran large

A

deficits

105
Q

by living beyond its means, borrowing large amounts of money, foolishly expanding credit, and printing excess money, the government created a

A

false prosperity

106
Q

the major domestic issue during the Kennedy years was the demand for

A

equal rights for black Americans

107
Q

black college students began to stage ________________- at lunch counters reserved for whites

A

sit-ins

108
Q

black and white group that provoked riots in Anniston and Birmingham, AL, while riding buses

A

freedom riders

109
Q

the first black American man to make an attempt to enroll in the all-white University of Mississippi

A

James Meredith

110
Q

case in which public schools were forbidden to require the recitation of prayers

A

Engel vs. Vitale

111
Q

court case that banned school prayers and Bible reading even if they were voluntary

A

Abington School District vs. Schempp

112
Q

the most dramatic moment of the civil rights movement was when

A

Martin Luther King, Jr. addressed 200,000 people from the steps of the Lincoln Memorial

113
Q

atheist and Marxist who was brought to national attention through a court case in Maryland

A

Madelyn O’Hair

114
Q

pioneer American astronauts during the Kennedy Administration were all part of the _________________ program of single-manned space flights

A

Project Mercury

115
Q

first American in space

A

Alan B Shepard

116
Q

first American to orbit the earth

A

John Glenn

117
Q

the first two American communications satellites that were placed in orbit in 1962:

A

Telstar (relayed transatlantic television broadcasts)
Relay (replay worldwide radio, television, and telephone communications)

118
Q

where did American-trained Cuban freedom fighters attempt to invade Communist Cuba

A

Bay of Pigs

119
Q

when Russia sent missiles to Cuba in order to attack America

A

Cuban Missile Crisis

120
Q

built on August 13, 1961 to keep East Berliners from escaping to freedom in the south

A

Berlin Wall

121
Q

three countries of Southeast Asia that were formerly known as French Indochina

A

Vietnam
Laos
Cambodia

122
Q

Vietnam that was Marxist

A

North Vietnam

123
Q

called for democratic elections in 1956 to unite Vietnam under on government, whether Communist or free

A

Geneva Accords

124
Q

Communist guerillas in Vietnam

A

Viet Cong

125
Q

special force group that was sent to South Vietnam by Eisenhower and later Kennefy in order to aid the South Vietnamese in their struggle against communism

A

Green Berets

126
Q

suffered similar Marxist terrorism and subversion

A

Laos
Cambodia

127
Q

assassinated Kennedy

A

Lee Harvey Oswald

128
Q

when and where Kennedy was assassinated

A

November 12, 1963

Dallas, TX

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