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US History > Chapter 27- World War II > Flashcards

Chapter 27- World War II Flashcards

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1
Q

years of WWII

A

1939-1945

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2
Q

the name for Germany, Italy, and Japan in WWII

A

Axis Powers

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3
Q

countries of the Allies

A

the US
Britain
France
the Soviet Union
China

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4
Q

in reality, WWI created

A

more problems than it solved

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5
Q

where the League of Nations met to discuss general disarmament in 1932

A

Geneva Conference (Switzerland)

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6
Q

three main areas of international tension

A
  1. high war debt laid on Germany by Treaty of Versailles
  2. competition for colonies, resources, and markets among the nations of Europe
  3. extreme nationalism
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7
Q

the international tensions were compounded by

A

spiritual blindness

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8
Q

Lenin renamed the total Communist dictatorship of Russia

A

Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (USSR)

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9
Q

assumed full control of the Communist Party and the Soviet Union after Lenin’s death

A

Joseph Stalin

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10
Q

inaugurated by Stalin and were aimed at making Russia modern industrial and military state

A

“Five-Year Plans”

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11
Q

while building up state-controlled industries, Stalin _________________ Russian agriculture, forcing small private farms to band together into large collective farms managed by the state

A

collectivized

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12
Q

Post WWI, Italians resentment towards their government coupled with inflation, unemployment, and other economic hardships made them receptive to this man to come into power

A

Benito Mussolini

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13
Q

Mussolini transformed Italy into a ______________ state

exercises total control of political, economic, cultural, religious, and social activities

A

Fascist

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14
Q

promised prosperity and protection to the depressed, hardship-worn Germans

A

Adolf Hitler

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15
Q

Hitler was the leader of the

A

National Socialist German Worker’s Party (Nazi Party)

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16
Q

Hitler called himself

A

Der Fuhrer (the leader)

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17
Q

Hitler’s government and empire was called the

A

Third Reich

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18
Q

Hitler’s autobiography that reveals much about his philosophy of life and his drive for power

A

Mein Kampf

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19
Q

leader who recognized the threat of renewed aggression in Germany under Hitler was

A

Winston Chruchill

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20
Q

the warrior class in Japan

A

samurai

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21
Q

the highest duty of man according to the Japanese

A

submission to the emperor and conquest of other nations

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22
Q

allowed some private ownership

A

Mussolini

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23
Q

where Japan invaded in 1931 because of its natural resources

A

Manchuria

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24
Q

The Nationalist Chinese leader

A

Chiang Kai-shek

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25
Q

Chinese Communist leader

A

Mai Tse-Tung

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26
Q

American general who went to China

A

Claire Chennault

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27
Q

a volunteer squadron of American airmen who flew sorties against the Japanese and fought them in the air aginst incredible odds

A

Flying Tigers

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28
Q

emperor of Ethiopia

A

Haile Selassie I

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29
Q

nation that invaded Ethiopia

A

Italy
Mussolini

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30
Q

defeated the Communist forces in Spain and became leader

supported by Germany and Italy

A

Francisco Franco

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31
Q

Hitler violated the Treaty of Versailles by sending German troops into the

A

Rhineland

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32
Q

was formed by Germany, Japan, and Italy after Germany formally recognized Ethiopia as under Italy

A

Romer-Berlin-Tokyo Axis

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33
Q

Hitler’s troops march triumphantly into Vienna and seize _________ without firing a shot

A

Austria

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34
Q

PM of Britain that went to Munich to confer with Hitler and Mussolini

A

Neville Chamberlain

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35
Q

French diplomat sent to Munich for the meeting with PM Chamberlain, Hitler, and Mussolini

A

Premier Edouard Daladier

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36
Q

dismembered Czechoslovakia by giving the rich Sudetenland to Germany

A

Munich Pact

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37
Q

seized by Mussolini and would later provide a springboard for an invasion of Greece and Yugoslavia

A

Albania

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38
Q

Hitler’s “last claim” in Europe

A

demanded Polish relinquish the Polish Corridor

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39
Q

Nazi fortifications in the West to oppose the French Maginot Line

A

Seigfried Line

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40
Q

Hitler signed nonagression treaty with

A

Stalin

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41
Q

France and Britain declared war on Germany on

beginning of WWII

A

September 3, 1939

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42
Q

German dive bombers the destroyed the Poland air forces

A

Stuka

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43
Q

German tanks

A

Panzer

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44
Q

the conquest of Poland was the world’s first experience of

also called lightning war

A

blitzkrieg

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45
Q

two of the Nazi’s most infamous concentration camps which were both located in Poland

A

Treblinka
Auschwitz

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46
Q

because there were no major battles in Western Europe during the first seven months, the Germans referred to it as the

A

sitzkrieg (sitting war)

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47
Q

where the Russians slay over 10,000 Polish officers

A

Katyn Forest

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48
Q

Nazi sympathizers in Norway called

A

Fifth-Columnists

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49
Q

the French government that cooperated with the Germans was located in

A

Vichy French government

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50
Q

the Germans air force was called the

A

Luftwaffe

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51
Q

was installed as the head of the Nazi puppet in Norway after the king fled to London

A

Vidkun Quisling

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52
Q

what does Nazi stand for

A

National Socialist German’s worker Party

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53
Q

were able to hold off German forces at Dunkirk until the British Navy arrived

A

Royal Air Force

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54
Q

French leader that surrendered to Hitler in the same railroad car in which the German’s had surrendered in 1918

A

Marshal Petain

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55
Q

capital of the small zone in southern France that was not under German control

A

Vichy

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56
Q

collaborated with the Germanus

A

Vichy French government

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57
Q

organized by Frenchmen that escaped to Great Britain

A

Free French government

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58
Q

leader of the Free French government

A

Charles de Gaulle

59
Q

name for Hitler’s plan to invade and conquer Great Britain

A

Operation Sea-Lion

60
Q

became PM of Great Britain in 1940 after Neville resigned

A

Winston Churchill

61
Q

name for Hitler’s bombing at London for three months

A

London Blitz

62
Q

credited with winning the Battle of Britain or London Blitz

A

RAF

63
Q

two countries that Mussolini and Italy unsuccessfully tried to conquer in 1940

A

Egypt
Greece

64
Q

group that reconquered all of the territory in Africa lost by the Italians to the British and began to menace Egypt

A

Africa Korps

65
Q

leader of Africa Korps

A

Field Marshal Erwin Rommel

66
Q

Rommel’s nickname

A

Desert Fox

67
Q

Convinced of England’s eminent downfall, Hitler turned towards

A

Ukraine (Russia)

68
Q

Russia’s two “allies” that set Hitler and his army back from their initial success

A

Mud
Winter

69
Q

PM of Great Britain during the Battle of Britain

A

Churchill

70
Q

formed by Lindbergh

dedicated to keeping the US out of a general European war

A

America First Committee

71
Q

adopted the important “cash-and-carry” principle for dealing with warring nations

A

Neutrality Act of 1937

72
Q

sent a forceful note to every foreign office in the world immediately following the Japanese invasion of China

A

Cordell Hull

73
Q

act which sacrificed the principle of “freedom of the seas” while trying to keep America out of the war

A

Neutrality Act of 1939

74
Q

put into place by President Roosevelt as one of the important steps for American defense

A

Selective Service Act

75
Q

declared that any means of defense, including warships, which belonged to a friendly belligerent could be refitted or repaired in the US

granted the President powers to seel, lease, lend or otherwise dispose of war materials to any nation whose defense he felt to be vital to American security

A

Lend-Lease Act

76
Q

incident where Japan bombed and sank a US gunboat on the Yangtze River, making it clear AMerica will not stand in their way of taking Asia

A

The Panay Incident

77
Q

led the extremely militaristic army-controlled ministry in /japan

A

General Hideki Tojo

78
Q

date of the attack on Pearl Harbor

A

December 7,1941

79
Q

way Americans got food during WWII

A

ration book

80
Q

tended by Americans to grow their own food so that more farm crops could be sent to troops overseas

A

victory gardens

81
Q

carried on by many young people to collect fats, tin foil, cans, paper, and other times that could be used in producing necessary war materials

A

scrap drives

82
Q

purchased by many Americans during WWII

A

war bonds

83
Q

streamlined vessels that enabled the Allies to win the battle of supply

A

liberty ships

84
Q

President Roosevelt appointed Nelson as chairman of this which gave him almost complete control of production

A

War Production Board (WPB)

85
Q

the new general staff for the home front created in May 1943 was called the

A

Office of War Mobilization (OWM)

86
Q

several million women took the job of ___________________ in plants that manufactured goods for war because their men were at war

A

Rosie the Riveter

87
Q

the first time women received full military status

A

WWII

88
Q

women that joined the armed services belonged to either

A

Women’s Army Corps (WACS)
or
WAVES (navy branch)

89
Q

two of Irving Berlin’s most popular songs during the war years

A

God Bless America
White Christmas

90
Q

Allied commander in Europe

A

General Dwight D. Eisenhower

91
Q

became the affectionate nickname for the average AMerican soldier

A

GI (Government Issue)

92
Q

campaign to catch Rommel’s troops in North Africa between the American and British troops

A

Operation Torch

93
Q

British general that assisted General Eisenhower in march against Rommel In North Africa

A

General Bernard L. Montgomery

94
Q

AMerican general that attacked Sicily and quickly overwhelmed their forces

A

General George S Patton

95
Q

formally surrendered to the Allies on September 18 and turned against her Axis partners

A

Italy

96
Q

Hitler’s 1942 summer offensive was crushed at

A

Stalingrad

97
Q

date Italy surrendered to America

A

September 18

98
Q

the beginning of the end for the war in Europe

A

D-Day

99
Q

date of D-Day

A

June 6, 1944

100
Q

where D-Day was staged

A

Normancy

101
Q

battle which Germans tried to recapture the busy port of Antwerp

battle in Belgium between the Germans and four weal AMerican divisions

A

Battle of the Bulge

102
Q

the Germans surrendered unconditionally on

A

May 7, 1945

103
Q

the date for V-E day

A

May 8, 1945

104
Q

the first black commander of the 99th Fighter Squadron

A

Colonel Benjamin O Davis

105
Q

American fighter unit that was the first to sink a German destroyer single-handedly

A

Fighting Red Tails

106
Q

the three American outposts between Hawaiian and Philippine Islands

A

Midway
Wake
Guam

107
Q

sent to the Philippines in 1936 to prepare the islands’ defenses against future Japan attack

A

General Douglas MacArthur

108
Q

proclaimed by MacArthur to be an open city in order to preserve the civilian population from further bloodshed

A

Manila

109
Q

where MacArthur withdrew to from Manila

A

Bataan Peninsula

110
Q

American regiment made up of second generation Japanese that were born and educated in America

A

NIsei

111
Q

the most decorated infantry unit in all of the US army

A

Nisei (442nd RCT)

112
Q

one particular battalion of the 442 RCT (Nisei) that was nicknamed because every member had earned at least on of these

A

Purple Heart Battalion

113
Q

fortified island which guarded the entrance to Manila Bay which fought alone against overwhelming odds until May 6

A

Corregidor

114
Q

name for march of American prisoners from Bataan and Corregidor who were forced to walk many miles to prison camps

got its name because the Japanese shot or bayoneted those prisoners who fell out of the line of march due to disease, wounds, hunger, or fatigue

A

Bataan Death March

115
Q

British territories attacked by Japan

A

Hong Kong
Singapore
Burma Road

116
Q

the last land route into China

A

Burma Road

117
Q

led the bombing raid against Tokyo and other Japanese cities in 1942

A

Colonel Jimmy Doolittle

118
Q

the Japanese planned to seize all of

A

New Guinea, Bismarck Archipelago, Solomon Islands

119
Q

the first naval battle of history in which the opposing vessels did not sight one another

A

Battle of the Coral Sea

120
Q

naval battle that was the turning point of the war in the Pacific

A

Midway

121
Q

battle that was the beginning of the Allied counteroffensive in the South Pacific

A

Guadalcanal

122
Q

American strategy in the Pacific

A

island-hopping

123
Q

concentrated his forces in the Central Pacific to crack the Japanese fortress

A

Admiral Chester Nimitz

124
Q

keystone island of the Japanese defenses

A

Saipan

125
Q

battle in which Japanese lost 4 aircraft carriers and 400 planes

A

Battle of the Philipine Sea

126
Q

battle in which the Japanese lost almost all of their remaining ships and planes

A

Battle of Leyte Gulf

127
Q

two weapons which promoted Japan’s collapse

A

B-29 raids
submarine attacks

128
Q

volcanic island where some of the most desperate fighting in human history occurred

A

Iwo Jima

129
Q

even more intense than the struggle for Iwo Jima

A

Okinawa

130
Q

pilots flying suicide planes loaded with explosives

A

kamikazes

131
Q

American President at the POtsdam Declaration

A

Harry S Truman

132
Q

succeeded Churchill as British PM

A

Clement Atlee

133
Q

Chinese leader who joined Truman and Atlee for the Potsdam Declaration

A

Chiang Kai-Shek

134
Q

called for the Japanese surrender unconditionally and to withdraw to the home islands

A

Potsdam Declaration

135
Q

President’s decision against Japan in order to save the lives of American servicemen that would have been spent in invasion against Japan

A

atomic bomb

136
Q

The US possessed the atomic bomb as a result of the

the largest research and scientific effort of its day

A

Manhattan Project

137
Q

wrote a letter to President Roosevelt warning that Germany might begin building atomic bomb

A

Albert Einstein

138
Q

three scientists who worked on atomic bomb

A

Enrico Fermi
Edward Teller
J. Robert Oppenheimer

139
Q

primary reason for the atomic bomb being developed in the US and not in Nazi Germany

A

America’s willingness to protect the Jews

140
Q

first Japanese city hit by atomic bomb

A

Hiroshima

141
Q

second Japanese city hit by atomic bomb

A

Nagasaki

142
Q

Emperor of Japan that surrendered

A

Emperor Hirohito

143
Q

name for the day Japan surrendered aboard the American battleship Missouri

A

V-J Day

144
Q

date for V-J Day

A

September 2, 1945

US History (23 decks)

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