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US History > Chapter 24 World War 1 > Flashcards

Chapter 24 World War 1 Flashcards

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1
Q

years of the Age of Enlightenment

A

1700-1789

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2
Q

the ideas that led to the world wars began in England and gained momentum in France during the 18th century in a movement known as the

A

Enlightenment

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3
Q

thought patterns that eventually lead to actions, and coupled with actions make history

A

philosophies

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4
Q

the idea that man’s reason is the sole criterion for truth

A

rationalism

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5
Q

the theory that experience is the only source of knowledge

A

empiricism

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6
Q

the philosophical doctrine that the truth of all knowledge must always be in question

A

skepticism

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7
Q

religion of reason

belief in an impersonal God who, after creating the world, left it to run by natural laws and left man to take care of himself using his intellect

A

deism

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8
Q

during the Enlightenment. French thinkers rejected the doctrine of original sin and insisted that every man has a

A

divine nature within him

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9
Q

two of the most influential French thinkers of the Enlightenment were

A

Voltaire
Rousseau

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10
Q

Father of the Enlightenment

A

Voltaire

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11
Q

Father of French Romanticism

A

Rousseau

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12
Q

advocated revolution to overthrow the old order and to bring in a new order based on reason, science, and tolerance

A

Voltaire

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13
Q

believed that man is naturally good but society is bad, and though that men should not be allowed to own private property

A

Rousseau

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14
Q

years for The Age of Revolution

A

1789-1814

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15
Q

the desire to break loose from their established governments and rule themselves based on what they saw as “natural” boundaries of national origin

A

revolutionary nationalism

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16
Q

two alternatives Europe was faced with in the Age of Revolution

A

anarchy
dictatorship

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17
Q

first developed in German universities

became an increasing challenge to Protestantism in the 19th century with its departure from a literal acceptance of the Bible

A

“higher” criticism

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18
Q

the three most influential thinkers of the Age of Revolution were the German philosophers

A

Kant
Hegel
Schleiermacher

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19
Q

Kant’s philosophy that said the senses and the mind are sole avenues of knowledge and man cannot know God or the soul by either of these avenues

led to the modernist ideas of man’s “spark of divinity” and the “higher” criticism of the Bible

A

idealism

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20
Q

introduced dialectic thinking
(thesis+antithesis= synthesis)

A

Hegel

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21
Q

Father of Theological Liberalism

created a theology of feeling, teaching that one’s “feeling of dependence”, not his faith in God’s Word, is the important thing

A

Schleiermacher

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22
Q

began when theologians in German universities exalted their own reason above God’s Word, teaching that the Bible was a collection of myths, legends, and a few historical facts

A

modernism or religious liberalism

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23
Q

the attack of the modernists on the Bible contributed greatly to the acceptance of the false philosophy of

A

evolution

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24
Q

popularized evolution

A

Darwin

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25
Q

one natural result of Darwinism is

A

materialism (also called naturalism or determinism)

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26
Q

the idea that matter is the only reality and that everything in the world, including thought, will and feeling, can be explained in terms of matter

reduces man to a complex machine whose personality is merely an interrelation of chemical and physical properties

living as is material things are all important and spiritual things have no importance

A

materialism

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27
Q

belief that all economic, political, and social life must be planned, controlled, and regulated by the state to insure “the greatest good for the greatest number”

A

socialism

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28
Q

most responsible for the rise of modern socialism

A

Karl Marx (Father of Communism)

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29
Q

a form of socialism which requires a violent, bloody revolution in order to set up a totalitarian dictatorship

A

communism

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30
Q

the main difference between Communism and Socialism lies in their

A

methods of reform

socialism– legislation, regulation, taxation
communism– violent revolution

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31
Q

the most notable socialist group in Europe

A

Social Democratic Party

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32
Q

the US tried to alleviate these tensions and promote peace by taking part in two international peace conferences held at the

A

Hague

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33
Q

the first conference at Hague resulted in the

A

establishment of a Permanent Court of Arbitration

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34
Q

became well known for his work in settling international disputes through arbitration

A

William Jennings Bryan

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35
Q

one of the most aggressively militaristic nations was

A

Germany

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36
Q

the aggressive militaristic leader of Germany in early 1900s

A

Kaiser Wilhelm II

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37
Q

the two opposing alliances in Europe

A

Triple Alliance
Triple Entente

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38
Q

the Triple Alliance consisted of the countries

A

Germany, Austria-Hungary, Italy

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39
Q

the Triple Entente consisted of the countries

A

Great Britain
France
Russia

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40
Q

became the center of European rivalry

A

Balkan Peninsula

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41
Q

event that sparked World War I

A

assassination of Archduke Francis Ferdinand and his wife

42
Q

in its day, World War I was known as

A

the Great War

43
Q

the opposing forces in World War I

A

Central Powers vs. Allies

44
Q

the Central Powers consisted of the countries

A

Germany
Austria-Hungary
Turkey

45
Q

the Allies included the countries

A

Great Britain
France
Russia
Serbia
Belgium
Romania
Japan
Portugal
Montenegro
Greece
Italy

46
Q

as soon as war broke out in Europe, President Wilson issued a declaration of

A

neutrality

47
Q

intentional destruction of property

A

sabotage

48
Q

even more important than economic considerations in WWI was the principle of

A

freedom of the seas

49
Q

items that, according to the international law, may be seized when headed for an enemy port in wartime

A

contraband of war

50
Q

the new weapon that the German navy introduced in WWI

A

U-boats

51
Q

the large British luxury liner that was sunk by the Germans in 1915

A

Lusitania

52
Q

the name for Germany pledging not to sink merchant vessels “without warning an without saving human lives, unless these ships attempt to escape or offer resistance”

A

Sussex Pledge

53
Q

two events that helped to bring the US into WWI

A

unrestricted submarine warfare
the Zimmerman note

54
Q

passed by Congress and provided for an increase in the size of the regular army and the organizing of a national guard of 450,000 men

A

National Defense Act

55
Q

the date the US entered WWI

A

April 6,1917

56
Q

passed after declaring war
required all men from age 21 through age 30 to register with local draft boards

A

Selective Service Act

57
Q

Americans demonstrated their patriotism through their enthusiastic response to the four ___________ drives conducted during the war and the _____________ drive conducted in 1919 to help “finish the job”

A

Liberty Loan
Victory Loan

58
Q

where is the World Court?

A

the Hague, Netherlands

59
Q

created by the federal government to regulate all phases of industrial production and distribution

A

War Industries Board

60
Q

the federal government controlled the nation’s railroads and placed them under the supervision of Secretary of the Treasury

A

William G. McAdoo

61
Q

was created to act as a court of arbitration to settle labor disputes

A

National War Labor Board

62
Q

headed the National War Labor Board

A

William Howard Taft

63
Q

wrote American’s Creed

A

William Tyler Page

64
Q

a Food Administration was created under the leadership of

a mining engineer who had become well known for his relief work in Belgium

A

Herbert Hoover

65
Q

was established to supervise the rationing of fuel in both factories and homes

A

Fuel Administration

66
Q

during the summer months of the war, the US saved fuel by switching to

A

daylight-savings time

67
Q

organization that the government created to carefully plan a campaign to help keep morale high

A

Committe of Public Information

68
Q

provided for stiff penalties for anyone who furnished information which would aid the enemy, obstruct recruiting, or encourage insubordination in the armed forces

A

Espionage Act

69
Q

arrested under the terms of the Espionage Act for influencing the radical Industrial Workers of the World to become the only significant group to openly oppose America’s role in WWI

A

Eugene Debs

70
Q

where millions of soldiers faced each other in WWI

A

trenches

71
Q

in WWI, Germany introduced the use of

A

poison gas

72
Q

a French fortress city where the French had forced the Germans to retreat

A

Verdun

73
Q

introduced the tank

A

British

74
Q

battle where the British introduced the tank

A

Battle of the Somme

75
Q

battle in which the British had badly crippled the German fleet of destroyers, battleships, and cruisers, making it nearly inactive

A

Battle of Jutland

76
Q

American navy’s greatest contribution to Allies in WWI

A

fast destroyers

77
Q

how much WWI cost America to fight

A

$33.5 billion

78
Q

appointed by President Wilson to be commander of the American troops in France

A

General John J Pershing

79
Q

American soldiers were often called

A

doughboys

80
Q

pilots who downed at least five enemy craft were called

A

aces

81
Q

the most famous ace who destroyed 20 enemy planes and several balloons

A

Eddie Rickenbacker

82
Q

a group of radical Communists who had come to power in Russia in November 1917

A

Bolsheviks

83
Q

led the Bolsheviks

A

Lenin

84
Q

made the peace between Russi and Germany official

A

Treaty of Brest-Litovsk

85
Q

a German famous long-range gun used by Germany to bombard Paris

A

Big Bertha

86
Q

General Pershing agreed to put all American troops under the temporary command of the French commander of the Allied forces

A

Marshal Foch

87
Q

the tide of the war began to turn against the Germans when America’s First Division stormed the fortified position of

A

Cantigny

88
Q

where America’s Second and Third Divisions joined the French __________________ and helped to drive the Germans from ________________

A

north of the Marne
Belleau Wood

89
Q

American troops helped Foch make an attack against a fortified German defense line formed by an intricate system of deep trenches and dugouts known as the

A

Hindenburg Line

90
Q

one of the major accomplishments of the American forces in the Allied counteroffensive was the capturing of

A

St. Mihiel

91
Q

became a hero of the Meuse-Argonne campaign by single-handedly killing 20 Germans and capturing 132 more

A

Alvin York

92
Q

President Wilson listed this as the only possible program for world peace

A

Fourteen Points

93
Q

date of the end of the WWI

A

November 11,1918

94
Q

national name for the holiday on November 11, 1918

A

Veterans Day

95
Q

once an armistice had stopped the fighting of WWI, the powers of the world called for a peace conference to convene in Paris

A

January 1919

96
Q

President at the end of WWI

A

Wilson

97
Q

the “Big Four” at the Versailles Peace Conference

A

President Wilson of US
PM David Lloyd Geord of England
Premier Clemenceau of France
PM Orlando of Italy

98
Q

at Wilson’s insistence, the delegates at Versailles appointed a special commission to draw up a __________ for an international body

A

covenant

99
Q

besides Wilson’s Fourteen Points and the covenant of the League of Nations, some other important provision of the Treaty of Versailles were

A
  1. German territorial losses
  2. Demilitarization of Germany
  3. Reparation and admission of guilt from Germany
100
Q

the only important nation that did not join the League of Nations

A

US

101
Q

chairman of the influential Senate Foreign Relations Committee that was strongly opposed to accepting the treaty unless steps were taken to ensure against the jeopardizing of American sovereignty

A

Henry Cabot Lodge

102
Q

a series of fourteen reservations to the treaty that President Wilson found unacceptable were called the

A

Lodge Reservations

US History (23 decks)

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