Chapter 17 Flashcards
difficult time for the US when the executive branch resumed the task of building a strong, united nation
Reconstruction Era
the three-and-a-half million former slaves
freedmen
reconstruction of the Union hinged on
important constitutional questions
Lincoln’s proclamation stipulated that any in any state a number of voters equal to _____________ of those registered to vote in the 1860 and had taken the loyalty oath, could set up a new state government
10 percent
the Republicans in Congress had split into two groups,
Radicals
Conservatives
Republican group that might have cooperated with Lincoln’s 10 percent plan
Conservatives
Republican group that were completely opposed to Lincoln’s plan
Radicals
bill that would have given Congress, not the President, control of Reconstruction
Wade-Davis Bill
Lincoln took advantage of his constitutional right to kill the bill by not acting upon it before congress adjourned; this refusal to act is called
pocket veto
month and year of Lincoln’s assassination
December 1865
In his first annual message to Congress, President Johnson announced
the Union was restored
under the influence of ____________ and ________________ Congress maintained that the Confederate states had indeed seceded from the Union and that bringing them back into the Union was completely within the jurisdiction of Congress, not the President
Charles Sumner
Thaddeus Stevens
laws in the South which put limitations on the civil rights of freedmen
Black Codes
established by an act of Congress in 1865 to provide food and clothing for freed slaves
Freedmen’s Bureau
proposed by Congress to guarantee the basic civil rights of freedmen
Civil Rights Bill
President Johnson ________________ both the Freedmen’s Bureau extension and the Civil Rights Bill
vetoed
Freedmen’s Bureau (unnecessary)
Civil Rights Bill (unwise and unconstitutional)
completed the process of emancipation that President Lincoln had begun with the Emancipation Proclamation
13th Amendment
gave citizenship to freedmen
became the first official definition of American citizenship
14th Amendment
made freedmen U.S. citizens and attempted to guarantee their rights of citizenship, including the right to vote
14th Amendment
guaranteed former slaves the right to vote
15th Amendment
passed by Congress in an attempt to make Southern states accept its terms for Reconstruction
divided former Confederacy into five military districts and gave military officers broad power in each district
Reconstruction Act
deprived certain high Confederate officials of political privileges
14th Amendment
last section the this amendment declared the Confederate debt void
14th Amendment
the showdown between Johnson and the Radicals focused on the __________________________________
prevented the President from dismissing any civil officers which had been appointed with the consent of the Senate, unless he first obtained the Senate’s approval
Tenure Office Act of 1867
dismissed by Johnson for cooperating with the Radicals against the President’s wishes
Stanton
because Johnson went against the Tenure Act and fired Stanton, the House of Representatives employed their constitutional power of
impeachment
first President to be impeached
Johnson
Johnson was _____________ on impeachment charges
not convicted, but ruined his career
won election of 1868
Republican Ulysses S. Grant
Grant served as President ______________
2 terms
Republican nominee for the election of 1876
Rutherford Hayes
in the end, the southern Dems decided to give the disputed electoral votes to Hayes under certain conditions, which collectively became known as the
Compromise of 1877
According to the Compromise of 1877, Hayes would be new President provided that
- all federal troops be removed from the South states
- Hayes appoint at least one Southerner to Cabinet
- federal money be given for economic development in the South
ended Reconstruction in the South
Compromise of 1877
Northern politicians who went South after the war, carrying their belongings in a carpetbag, to take advantage of political opportunity
carpetbaggers
white Southerners who cooperated with carpetbaggers and freedmen to advance their own interests
scalawags
secret societies organized by Southern whites in an attempt to improve the poorly conducted government
Ku Klux Klan
Knights of the White Camellia
restored political rights to most of those who had cooperated with the Confederacy
considerably limited the political influence of freedmen
Amnesty Act of 1872
taxes that citizens had to pay before they could vote
poll taxes
used to prove one’s reading ability
literacy test
prevented many Southern blacks and poor, uneducated whites from voting
poll taxes
literacy test
term used to indicate that for many years the South voted solidly Democratic
Solid South
former slave who founded Tuskegee Institute
wrote about his life in autobiography Up From Slavery
Booker T Washington
the Methodist Episcopal church set up a number of schools in Southern states to educate former slaves through its
Freedmen’s Aid Society
the most influential spokesman for his race
Booker T Washington
