Chapter 16 Flashcards
only two significant federal forts within the borders of seceded states that had not fallen into Confederate hands
Fort Pickens
Fort Sumter
the union commander in charge of Fort Sumter
Robert Anderson
Confederate general who was ordered to seize Fort Sumter before it could be resupplied
Pierre Beauregard
date the Confederate shore batteries began to shell Fort Sumter
April 12, 1861
began the Civil War
Union surrender of Fort Sumter
other names for the Civil War
War between the States
War of Secession
the four border states the seceded the Union as a result of Lincoln’s call for invasion forces
Virginia
Arkansas
Tennessee
North Carolina
the counties in Virginia that separated because they held strong Union sentiments became known as
West Virginia
one of the greatest military strategists in history
Robert E Lee
advantages of the North
- abundant resources
- more capital
- more factories
- more laborers
- adequate transportation facilities
- large merchant and naval force
advantages of the South
- head start in preparing for war
- accustomed to outdoor life
- good prospects for foreign aid in the beginning
- some of countries most talented military leaders
- fighting on the defensive
Southern military leaders that majorly helped the South
Davis
Lee
Jackson
the main strategy in the East was
to capture Richmond, Virginia
the strategy of the West (Union)
take control of the Mississippi River and thereby split the Confederacy into two isolated sections
became the capital of the confederacy
Richmond, VA
was sent to lead an attack against General Beauregard
Irvin McDowell
where General Beauregard had his troops stationed when McDowell was sent to attack
Manassas Junction
the encounter between McDowell and Beauregard is often called the
Battle of Bull Run
came to the aid of Beauregard
Jospeh Johnston
Thomas JAckson
Thomas Jackson’s nickname
Stonewall Jackson
the federal government of the Union called for ___________________ troops for ____________________ years’ service
500,000
3 years
graduate of West Point who had served in the Mexican War who replaced McDowell because Lincoln recognized he needed a stronger military leader
George B. McClellan
McClellan’s greatest asset
his ability to organize, discipline, and train troops
captured Mobile Bay and took possession of the Confederate naval vessels harbored there
Admiral David Farragut
the effect of the blockade upon the South culminated when
Farragut captured Mobile Bay and took possession of the Confederate naval vessels harbored there
the sunken Union vessel that the Confederates raised after they captured Norfolk, Virginia
Merrimac
the Confederates rechristened the Merrimac as the
Virginia
the Union’s ironclad
Monitor
the main strategy of the East
capture Richmond, VA
one of the Confederacy’s greatest military assets which is especially remembered for being a Christian influence
Stonewall Jackson
the first naval battle in history between ironclad ships ended in a
draw
Confederates failed to lift Union blockade
the real commander for the Union operations the West
Halleck
the real hero of the Union operations in the West
General Ulysses S. Grant
the two forts that Grant and Commodore Foote attacked and overtook
Fort Henry
Fort Donelson
Ulysses Grant became know as
Unconditional Surrender Grant
battle where Grant was attacked by Confederates under Johnston in Tennessee in April 1862
Battle of Shiloh
by the end of May, Union forces took control of Corinth and the
Union capture of western Tennessee was complete
captured Memphis
Foote
the fall of _________ gave the Union control of the Mississippi as far as south of Vicksburg, Mississippi.
Memphis
David Farragut led forces past Confederate defenses at the mouth of the Mississippi and up the river to
New Orleans
after the capture of New Orleans, the Union concentrated its efforts in the West to capture
Vicksburg, Mississippi
number of men that surrendered at Vicksburg
29,000
year Vicksburg surrenders
1863
the fall of Vicksburg gave the Union control of the
entire Mississippi River
in Richmond, McClellan faced ____________ in the Seven Days’ Battle
Lee
McClellan’s Peninsular Campaign was a
failure
after McClellan failed in his Peninsular Campaign, his troops were put under the command of
General John Pope
Pope led an overland march directly toward Richmond but met Lee and was forced into the
Second Battle of Bull Run
what was Lincoln’s reaction when he found Washington threatened again by Confederates
put McClellan back in charge who regrouped the retreating forces and soon had the capital well defended against attack
Lee’s plan to convince Great Britain to recognize southern independence
invade the Union on their territory and win
McClellan and Lee fought in Maryland at
Antietam Creek
the bloodiest single day of the Civil War
Battle of Antietam
the result of the Battle of Antietam
Lee and his troops slipped back across the Potomac
Lincoln removed McClellan because he refused to chase Lee after the battle
replaced McClellan; best known for the way he trimmed his whiskers
A.E. Burnsides
where Grant got his nickname
battle against Fort Donelson
the Battle of Shiloh took place when grant was on his way to
Corinth, MO
month and year Vicksburg, MISSISSIPPi fell
July 1863
document from Lincoln that said the slaves in the states or parts of states then in arms against the Union should be “forever free”
Emancipation Proclamation
Burnside attacked ________________, where he lost 10,000 men
Fredericksburg, VA
because of Fredericksburg, Burnside was relieved of his command by
General Fighting Joe Hooker took control of the army of the Potomac
place where Lee and Jackson trapped Hooker’s army between their split armies
Chancellorsville
the South’s costliest victory
The Battle of Chancellorsville
South’s greatest tragedy at Chancellorsville was
death of Stonewall Jackson
replaced Hooker after his resignation
George G. Meade
the most decisive battle of the war
Gettysburg, Pennsylvania
Union and Confederate generals that clashed at Gettysburg
Lee- Confederate
Meade- Union
how long was Battle of Gettysburg
3 days
at Gettysburg, the Union forces took control of
Cemetery Ridge
at Gettysburg, Lee’s men occupied
Seminary Ridge
won the Battle of Gettysburg
Meade-Union
the famous orator that spent two hours dictating the events of the Battle of Gettysburg
Edward Everett
President Lincoln’s brief but profound three minute speech
Gettysburg Address
turning point of the Civil War
Battle of Gettysburg
a major objective of the Union in TN
capture Chattanooga (an important rail center)
Union general who forced the confederate troops out of Chattanooga without a battle
William Rosecrans
Confederate general who was forced out of Chattanooga by Rosecrans
Braxton Bragg
battle in which Rosecrans was forced to retreat and was saved from serious defeat by the brave stand of his let wing
Battle of Chickamauga
commanded Rosecrans left wing which saved Rosecrans from defeat at Battle at Chickamauga
George H Thomas
the last Confederate victory
Battle at Chickamauga
the two fortifications Bragg and his Confederate soldier attacked Chattanooga from
Lookout Mountain
Missionary Ridge
Union’s next step after taking Chattanooga
invade Georgia
supreme commander of the armies of the United States
Ulysses S Grant
Grant’s three-pronged attack for the spring of 1864:
- Meade in the East hammer against Lee and Richmond
- Union forces in West push southeastward from Chattanooga
- land and naval forces coordinate attack upon Confederate port of Mobile, AL
put in charge of Union forces in West when Grant went East
William T. Sherman
Sherman’s first major objective
take Atlanta
Confederate general that tried to check Sherman’s advances but was pushed back toward Atlanta
General Johnston
Confederate President Davis list patience with Johnston and replaced him with
John Bell Hood
Hood met defeat and took refuge in
Atlanta
in early September 1864, Confederate troops were forced to
abandon Atlanta and Sherman took possession of
After Atlanta, Sherman took ______________ on December 22
Savannah, GA
In May 1864, while Sherman began his march on Atlanta, Grant and his Army of the Potomac headed south to attack
Richmond, VA
name for Grant’s pushing his army through the tangled, wooded area south of the Rappahannock in which he lost 55,000 men
Wilderness Campaign
the two cities of Virginia that finally fell to Union forces in April 1865
Petersburg
Richmond
where did Grant and Lee meet to discuss terms of surrender
Appomattox Court House, Virginia
date of the meeting at Appomattox Court House
April 9, 1865
name the important rail center in TN which was captured by Union General Rosecrans
Chattanooga
led the Confederate forces against Rosecrans in the battle of Chickamauga
Braxton Bragg
Name the Confederate commander forced to abandon Atlanta to the Union army
Hood
led the Union march from Atlanta to the see
Sherman
conflict in which Grant lost more men than Lee had
Wilderness Campaign
among the last Confederates to surrender
General Stand Watie and his Cherokee volunteers, the Cherokee Mounted Rifles
two ways the used by the Union to raise funds during Civil War
increased taxes (North)
war bonds
tariff duties were raised, reaching an average of
47%
purchased these which said you would be repaid the value plus interest
war bonds
adopted by Congress partly to promote the sale of bonds, partly to establish a uniform national currency
National Banking Act
paper notes which were to circulate as regular currency;
issued by Union but were backed by nothing but the government’s promise to redeem
greenbacks
what methods did both sides use to build their armies?
draft system
paying of bounties to recruits
in the North, a man could get exemption by
paying the government a fee of $300
(did not apply in South)
American Civil War was the first
first modern war (first war which employed 20th century techniques and technology)
early in the Civil War, ____________________ and ____________ were sympathetic to the Southern cause
England
France
the French ruler who saw Southern independence as being to his own advantage
Napoleon III
British steamer that was captured by Union warship under Captain Chales Wilkes
Trent
reason Wilkes stopped British Steamer Trent
it was carrying two Southern commissioners (Mason, Slidell)
reason England considered helping South
economic
English believed Southern independence would allow them to buy cotton cheaper
the reason France favored the Confederacy
- believed if Union was divided, Monroe Doctrine would be altered
- France would be able to gain influence in Latin America
how was trouble avoided by President Lincoln concerning the Trent ordeal?
Lincoln disclaimed Wilkes deed and freed Mason and Slidell
English warship destined for use in Confederacy built in English naval yard that did considerable damage to Northen shipping
Alabama
seriously hurt the Southern cause
failure of Britain or France to formally recognize Confederacy
the first step toward the total abolition of slavery
Emancipation Proclamation
in 1865, Congress proposed a constitutional amendment to abolish slavery permanently from the US and all areas under its jurisdiction
13th Amendment
In Union’s Presidential election of 1864 , the Republicans temporarily took the name
Union Party
Union party Presidential and VP nominees for election of 1864
Lincoln
Andrew Johnson
wing of the Democratic party that made cutting attack upon Lincoln and his party
Copperheads
won election of 1864
Lincoln
best remembered for founding the American Red Cross
Clara Barton
the forerunner of the American Red Cross
did the most notable volunteer work in the North
Sanitary Commission
took care of the sick and wounded in the South
women opened their homes
t/f: the Civil War spread Christianity and influence of Christianity upon society
true
helped spread revival in the Northeast
Finney
man most directly responsible for the adoption of the motto
Salmon Chase
representative of the YMCA who spent much time witnessing to Union troops
D.L. Moody
distributed over 900,000 copies of the Bible during the Civil War
American bible Association
How many Union soldiers were killed in battle or by disease during the Civil War?
110,000 killed in battle
250,000 killed by disease or other causes
number lost in Confederate
258,000
assassinated Lincoln
Booth
