Chapter 23 Microbial Diseases of Cardiovascular System Flashcards
what is the definition of septicemia?
acute illness due to presence of pathogens or their toxins
what is the definition of sepsis?
systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS)
what is the definition of severe sepsis?
decrease blood pressure and dysfunction of at least one or more organ
what is the definition of septic shock?
sepsis and uncontrollable decreased blood pressure
what is lymphangitis?
inflamed lymph vessels
What is the natural source of anthrax?
bacteria; Bacillus anthracis found in soil
What are the three different manifestations of anthrax infections? Which form is the most serious threat to the infected host?
- cutaneous anthrax – endospores enter through minor cut (minor)
- gastrointestinal anthrax – ingestion of undercooked, contaminated food (severe- 50% death)
- inhalational anthrax – inhalation of endospores, bacteria then enter blood stream resulting in septic shock (most severe - 100% deadly)
Which body organ is affected by lymphangitis? What is the sign that indicates lymphangitis?
lymph vessels; red streaks visible on skin
What is the term ‘puerperal’ linked to?
(after childbirth) mother can transfer Streptococcus pyogenes to uterus after childbirth
What is the mechanism that leads to rheumatic fever?
Autoimmune complication of Streptococcus pyogenes due to molecular mimicry mistaking streptococcal M protein with cells w/in heart valve
What is the source of the bacterium that causes gangrene?
Clostridium perfringens
What is the toxin that causes gangrene?
PFO – perfringolysin O
How is ischemia linked to gangrene?
ischemic tissue does not contain oxygen, so anaerobic bacteria (Clostridium perfringens) can thrive on dead tissue.
How does gas gangrene spread?
When there is a loss of blood supply due to ischemia, necrosis (death of tissue occurs), leading to a very optimal environment for the anaerobic Clostridium perfringens to grow and ferment, releasing gasses and causing gas gangrene
What is the animal reservoir for the microorganism that causes the plague?
rats, ground squirrels and prairie dogs
what are the most common forms of the plague?
- Bubonic plague – bacterial growth in blood and lymph (most common resulting in 50-75% mortality)
- Septicemic plaque – septic shock due to bacteria in blood
- Pneumonic plague – bacteria in lungs (easily spread results in 100% mortality rate)
What is a buboe?
swollen lymph nodes
what is the distinct sign that indicated Lyme disease?
Bull’s eye rash (even though it only occurs in limited number of cases)
what is the vector that transmits Lyme disease?
ticks (w/in their gut)
What are two diseases associated with Epstein-Barr virus? Which of these diseases is more common in the United States?
- Burkitt’s lymphoma – tumor of the jaw (most common childhood cancer in Africa)
- Infectious mononucleosis – replicates in resting memory B cells (most common in US)
How is EBV transmitted to a new host?
via saliva
Which age group is more likely to experience a new infection with EBV?
15-25 year olds
Which cell is infected and compromised to cause infectious mononucleosis?
memory B cells
what is the bacteria responsible for Bubonic plague?
Yersinia pestis
