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Microbiology > Chapter 23 Microbial Diseases of Cardiovascular System > Flashcards

Chapter 23 Microbial Diseases of Cardiovascular System Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

what is the definition of septicemia?

A

acute illness due to presence of pathogens or their toxins

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2
Q

what is the definition of sepsis?

A

systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS)

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3
Q

what is the definition of severe sepsis?

A

decrease blood pressure and dysfunction of at least one or more organ

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4
Q

what is the definition of septic shock?

A

sepsis and uncontrollable decreased blood pressure

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5
Q

what is lymphangitis?

A

inflamed lymph vessels

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6
Q

What is the natural source of anthrax?

A

bacteria; Bacillus anthracis found in soil

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7
Q

What are the three different manifestations of anthrax infections? Which form is the most serious threat to the infected host?

A
  • cutaneous anthrax – endospores enter through minor cut (minor)
  • gastrointestinal anthrax – ingestion of undercooked, contaminated food (severe- 50% death)
  • inhalational anthrax – inhalation of endospores, bacteria then enter blood stream resulting in septic shock (most severe - 100% deadly)
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8
Q

Which body organ is affected by lymphangitis? What is the sign that indicates lymphangitis?

A

lymph vessels; red streaks visible on skin

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9
Q

What is the term ‘puerperal’ linked to?

A

(after childbirth) mother can transfer Streptococcus pyogenes to uterus after childbirth

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10
Q

What is the mechanism that leads to rheumatic fever?

A

Autoimmune complication of Streptococcus pyogenes due to molecular mimicry mistaking streptococcal M protein with cells w/in heart valve

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11
Q

What is the source of the bacterium that causes gangrene?

A

Clostridium perfringens

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12
Q

What is the toxin that causes gangrene?

A

PFO – perfringolysin O

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13
Q

How is ischemia linked to gangrene?

A

ischemic tissue does not contain oxygen, so anaerobic bacteria (Clostridium perfringens) can thrive on dead tissue.

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14
Q

How does gas gangrene spread?

A

When there is a loss of blood supply due to ischemia, necrosis (death of tissue occurs), leading to a very optimal environment for the anaerobic Clostridium perfringens to grow and ferment, releasing gasses and causing gas gangrene

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15
Q

What is the animal reservoir for the microorganism that causes the plague?

A

rats, ground squirrels and prairie dogs

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16
Q

what are the most common forms of the plague?

A
  • Bubonic plague – bacterial growth in blood and lymph (most common resulting in 50-75% mortality)
  • Septicemic plaque – septic shock due to bacteria in blood
  • Pneumonic plague – bacteria in lungs (easily spread results in 100% mortality rate)
17
Q

What is a buboe?

A

swollen lymph nodes

18
Q

what is the distinct sign that indicated Lyme disease?

A

Bull’s eye rash (even though it only occurs in limited number of cases)

19
Q

what is the vector that transmits Lyme disease?

A

ticks (w/in their gut)

20
Q

What are two diseases associated with Epstein-Barr virus? Which of these diseases is more common in the United States?

A
  • Burkitt’s lymphoma – tumor of the jaw (most common childhood cancer in Africa)
  • Infectious mononucleosis – replicates in resting memory B cells (most common in US)
21
Q

How is EBV transmitted to a new host?

A

via saliva

22
Q

Which age group is more likely to experience a new infection with EBV?

A

15-25 year olds

23
Q

Which cell is infected and compromised to cause infectious mononucleosis?

A

memory B cells

24
Q

what is the bacteria responsible for Bubonic plague?

A

Yersinia pestis

25
Q

what is the bacteria responsible for Lyme disease?

A

Borrelia burgdorferi

26
Q

What is the incubation period for mono?

A

4-7 weeks

27
Q

How is CMV transmitted to a new host?

A

Cytomegalovirus – transmitted sexually, blood, saliva, or transplanted tissue

28
Q

What groups are most at risk to get CMV?

A

newborns (it can transmit across the placenta and cause mental retardation or hearing loss in newborns)

29
Q

Which specific cell types are infected by CMV?

A

white blood cells

30
Q

What can happen if a pregnant person gets CMV?

A

Mental retardation or hearing loss in newborns

31
Q

What is the major sign of Ebola virus infection?

A

Bleeding from mucous membranes

32
Q

where in the world is Ebola common?

A

Africa

33
Q

About how long does it take for Ebola to kill the host?

A

6-16 days from first symptoms

34
Q

what is EVD?

A

Ebola virus disease

35
Q

what is the reservoir for ebola?

A

cave-dwelling fruit bat

Microbiology (23 decks)

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