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Microbiology > CH 1 (Based on study guide) > Flashcards

CH 1 (Based on study guide) Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

what is the basic definition of microorganism?

A

organism too small to be seen with naked eye

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2
Q

what are the general types of microorganisms?

A

bacteria
fungi
protozoa
microscopic algae
viruses

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3
Q

how do we identify genus vs. species when it is written?

A

Genus is capitalized and italicized/underlined
species are lowercased and italicized/underlined

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4
Q

what are the three domains of life of earth?

A

bacteria
archaea
eukarya

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5
Q

what are three general characteristics of bacteria?

A

they are prokaryotic
have peptidoglycan walls
binary fission division

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6
Q

what are three general characteristics of archaea?

A

they are prokaryotic
no cell wall
live in extreme environments

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7
Q

Name four characteristics of fungi

A

fungi is the kingdom within the eukarya domain
cell walls are made of chitin
consists of yeast - unicellular
consists of molds and mushrooms - multicellular

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8
Q

name characteristics of protista

A

protista is the kingdom within the eukarya domain
consists of protozoans - unicellular
consists of algae - unicellular/ multicellular

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9
Q

name three characteristics of protozoans

A

they are unicellular
they produce movement with pseudopods, cilia, or flagella
they are animal-like

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10
Q

name three characteristics of algae

A
  • they are unicellular/ multicellular (seaweed)
  • have cellulose cell walls
  • photosynthesize
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11
Q

Name an example of a bacteria?

A

Escherichia coli

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12
Q

Name an example of an archaea?

A

thermophiles

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13
Q

Name an example of a Eukarya

A

Amoeba (which is a protozoan)
Seaweed (which is a multicellular algae)

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14
Q

Draw a Ven Diagram of similarities and differences between Prokaryotes and Eukaryotes

A
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15
Q

what domain are humans in? Why?

A

Eukarya because we have nuclei and membrane-based organelles

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16
Q

What is the name of the simple process that most prokaryotes use to reproduce?

A

binary fission

17
Q

What are the three types of fungi?

A

yeasts - unicellular
molds and mushrooms - multicellular

18
Q

What Kingdom algae, protozoans, and fungi are found in.

A

Protista

19
Q

Who first discovered cells?

A

Robert Hooke

20
Q

what are animalcules? Who described them?

A

Anton van Leeuwenhoek

21
Q

name basic characteristics of viruses

A

acellular (need host to survive)
consist of DNA or RNA core
core is surrounded by protein coat
coat may be enclosed in a lipid envelope
are ONLY replicated when they are in a living host cell

22
Q

How does Joseph Lister relate to the germ theory of disease?

A

when he formed the basis of aseptic technique by spraying phenol to disinfect wounds and operating wound, he proved that organisms are the cause for infections and disease

23
Q

what are some discoveries credited to Pasteur?

A

disproving spontaneous generation
formed basis of aseptic technique
fermentation
pasteurization

24
Q

Who discovered penicillin?

A

Alexander Fleming

25
Q

what is fermentation?

A

microbial yeast sugars to alcohol when exposed to air

26
Q

what is pasteurization?

A

application of high heat for short time to kill harmful bacteria in BEVERAGES

27
Q

how are microbes beneficial to our body?

A

create the microbiome in our bodies which provide essential nutrients and prevent pathogenic microbes from invading

28
Q

what is biotechnology

A

biotechnology - microbial use in necessary foods and chemicals

29
Q

what is bioremediation?

A

bacteria being used to eat/attack unwanted organic matter

30
Q

how did Louis Pasteur disprove spontaneous generation

A

he poured beef broth into a long-neck flask
then bent the long-neck to an S-shape
then boiled the broth for several minutes
found that microorganisms did not appear in the cooled solution (no spontaneous generation)

31
Q

why is respiration important to microbes?

A

respiration = ATP for microbe. Microbes need ATP to facilitate metabolic functions needed for growth, replication and maintenance

32
Q

Name the acronym for the order of animal classes (Starts with D for domain) Name each of the classes as well

A

Dumb King Henry Came Over For Great Spaghetti

Microbiology (23 decks)

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