CH 1 (Based on study guide) Flashcards
what is the basic definition of microorganism?
organism too small to be seen with naked eye
what are the general types of microorganisms?
bacteria
fungi
protozoa
microscopic algae
viruses
how do we identify genus vs. species when it is written?
Genus is capitalized and italicized/underlined
species are lowercased and italicized/underlined
what are the three domains of life of earth?
bacteria
archaea
eukarya
what are three general characteristics of bacteria?
they are prokaryotic
have peptidoglycan walls
binary fission division
what are three general characteristics of archaea?
they are prokaryotic
no cell wall
live in extreme environments
Name four characteristics of fungi
fungi is the kingdom within the eukarya domain
cell walls are made of chitin
consists of yeast - unicellular
consists of molds and mushrooms - multicellular
name characteristics of protista
protista is the kingdom within the eukarya domain
consists of protozoans - unicellular
consists of algae - unicellular/ multicellular
name three characteristics of protozoans
they are unicellular
they produce movement with pseudopods, cilia, or flagella
they are animal-like
name three characteristics of algae
- they are unicellular/ multicellular (seaweed)
- have cellulose cell walls
- photosynthesize
Name an example of a bacteria?
Escherichia coli
Name an example of an archaea?
thermophiles
Name an example of a Eukarya
Amoeba (which is a protozoan)
Seaweed (which is a multicellular algae)
Draw a Ven Diagram of similarities and differences between Prokaryotes and Eukaryotes
what domain are humans in? Why?
Eukarya because we have nuclei and membrane-based organelles
What is the name of the simple process that most prokaryotes use to reproduce?
binary fission
What are the three types of fungi?
yeasts - unicellular
molds and mushrooms - multicellular
What Kingdom algae, protozoans, and fungi are found in.
Protista
Who first discovered cells?
Robert Hooke
what are animalcules? Who described them?
Anton van Leeuwenhoek
name basic characteristics of viruses
acellular (need host to survive)
consist of DNA or RNA core
core is surrounded by protein coat
coat may be enclosed in a lipid envelope
are ONLY replicated when they are in a living host cell
How does Joseph Lister relate to the germ theory of disease?
when he formed the basis of aseptic technique by spraying phenol to disinfect wounds and operating wound, he proved that organisms are the cause for infections and disease
what are some discoveries credited to Pasteur?
disproving spontaneous generation
formed basis of aseptic technique
fermentation
pasteurization
Who discovered penicillin?
Alexander Fleming
what is fermentation?
microbial yeast sugars to alcohol when exposed to air
what is pasteurization?
application of high heat for short time to kill harmful bacteria in BEVERAGES
how are microbes beneficial to our body?
create the microbiome in our bodies which provide essential nutrients and prevent pathogenic microbes from invading
what is biotechnology
biotechnology - microbial use in necessary foods and chemicals
what is bioremediation?
bacteria being used to eat/attack unwanted organic matter
how did Louis Pasteur disprove spontaneous generation
he poured beef broth into a long-neck flask
then bent the long-neck to an S-shape
then boiled the broth for several minutes
found that microorganisms did not appear in the cooled solution (no spontaneous generation)
why is respiration important to microbes?
respiration = ATP for microbe. Microbes need ATP to facilitate metabolic functions needed for growth, replication and maintenance
Name the acronym for the order of animal classes (Starts with D for domain) Name each of the classes as well
Dumb King Henry Came Over For Great Spaghetti
