CH 1 (Based on study guide)

Question 1

what is the basic definition of microorganism?

Answer 1

organism too small to be seen with naked eye

Question 2

what are the general types of microorganisms?

Answer 2

bacteria
fungi
protozoa
microscopic algae
viruses

Question 3

how do we identify genus vs. species when it is written?

Answer 3

Genus is capitalized and italicized/underlined
species are lowercased and italicized/underlined

Question 4

what are the three domains of life of earth?

Answer 4

bacteria
archaea
eukarya

Question 5

what are three general characteristics of bacteria?

Answer 5

they are prokaryotic
have peptidoglycan walls
binary fission division

Question 6

what are three general characteristics of archaea?

Answer 6

they are prokaryotic
no cell wall
live in extreme environments

Question 7

Name four characteristics of fungi

Answer 7

fungi is the kingdom within the eukarya domain
cell walls are made of chitin
consists of yeast - unicellular
consists of molds and mushrooms - multicellular

Question 8

name characteristics of protista

Answer 8

protista is the kingdom within the eukarya domain
consists of protozoans - unicellular
consists of algae - unicellular/ multicellular

Question 9

name three characteristics of protozoans

Answer 9

they are unicellular
they produce movement with pseudopods, cilia, or flagella
they are animal-like

Question 10

name three characteristics of algae

Answer 10

• they are unicellular/ multicellular (seaweed)
• have cellulose cell walls
• photosynthesize

Question 11

Name an example of a bacteria?

Answer 11

Escherichia coli

Question 12

Name an example of an archaea?

Answer 12

thermophiles

Question 13

Name an example of a Eukarya

Answer 13

Amoeba (which is a protozoan)
Seaweed (which is a multicellular algae)

Question 14

Draw a Ven Diagram of similarities and differences between Prokaryotes and Eukaryotes

Answer 14

Question 15

what domain are humans in? Why?

Answer 15

Eukarya because we have nuclei and membrane-based organelles

Question 16

What is the name of the simple process that most prokaryotes use to reproduce?

Answer 16

binary fission

Question 17

What are the three types of fungi?

Answer 17

yeasts - unicellular
molds and mushrooms - multicellular

Question 18

What Kingdom algae, protozoans, and fungi are found in.

Answer 18

Protista

Question 19

Who first discovered cells?

Answer 19

Robert Hooke

Question 20

what are animalcules? Who described them?

Answer 20

Anton van Leeuwenhoek

Question 21

name basic characteristics of viruses

Answer 21

acellular (need host to survive)
consist of DNA or RNA core
core is surrounded by protein coat
coat may be enclosed in a lipid envelope
are ONLY replicated when they are in a living host cell

Question 22

How does Joseph Lister relate to the germ theory of disease?

Answer 22

when he formed the basis of aseptic technique by spraying phenol to disinfect wounds and operating wound, he proved that organisms are the cause for infections and disease

Question 23

what are some discoveries credited to Pasteur?

Answer 23

disproving spontaneous generation
formed basis of aseptic technique
fermentation
pasteurization

Question 24

Who discovered penicillin?

Answer 24

Alexander Fleming

Question 25

what is fermentation?

Answer 25

microbial yeast sugars to alcohol when exposed to air

Question 26

what is pasteurization?

Answer 26

application of high heat for short time to kill harmful bacteria in BEVERAGES

Question 27

how are microbes beneficial to our body?

Answer 27

create the microbiome in our bodies which provide essential nutrients and prevent pathogenic microbes from invading

Question 28

what is biotechnology

Answer 28

biotechnology - microbial use in necessary foods and chemicals

Question 29

what is bioremediation?

Answer 29

bacteria being used to eat/attack unwanted organic matter

Question 30

how did Louis Pasteur disprove spontaneous generation

Answer 30

he poured beef broth into a long-neck flask then bent the long-neck to an S-shape then boiled the broth for several minutes found that microorganisms did not appear in the cooled solution (no spontaneous generation)

Question 31

why is respiration important to microbes?

Answer 31

respiration = ATP for microbe. Microbes need ATP to facilitate metabolic functions needed for growth, replication and maintenance

Question 32

Name the acronym for the order of animal classes (Starts with D for domain) Name each of the classes as well

Answer 32

Dumb King Henry Came Over For Great Spaghetti