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Microbiology > Chapter 21 Microbial diseases of skin > Flashcards

Chapter 21 Microbial diseases of skin Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

what type of organism causes folliculitis?

A

bacteria; Staphylococcus aureus

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2
Q

what causes S. aureus to infect to cause folliculitis?

A

enters through a natural opening in the skin (hair follicle)

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3
Q

what 4 things can folliculitis appear on the skin as?

A

pimples
sty
furuncle
carbuncle

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4
Q

what is a sty?

A

infected follicle of an eyelash

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5
Q

what is a furuncle?

A

(boil) abscess, localized region of pus surrounded by inflamed tissue
hard to treat with antibiotics (they do not penetrate well into abscesses)

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6
Q

what is a carbuncle?

A

very deep, hard round deep inflammation of tissue under skin
produces fever
more severe than furuncle

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7
Q

what type of organism causes impetigo?

A

bacteria; Staphylococcus aureus and also Streptococcus pyogenes

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8
Q

what is the difference between non-bullous impetigo and bullous impetigo?

A

non-bullous: most common form/ occurs mostly in children/ mild form
bullous: “scalded skin syndrome” release 2 toxins = more severe

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9
Q

what is a vesicle?

A

small fluid-filled lesions

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10
Q

when does a vesicle become a bullae?

A

when it becomes larger than 1 cm in diameter

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11
Q

what are macules?

A

flat lesions

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12
Q

what are papules? pustules?

A

raised lesions
pustules contain pus

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13
Q

Which Gram + bacterium causes inflammatory acne?

A

Propionibacterium acnes

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14
Q

what are comedos?

A

whiteheads

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15
Q

what are comedones?

A

blackheads

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16
Q

what is a virulence factor?

A

anything that makes an organism more harmful to the host
- protection against sunlight
- surface proteins allowing for host attachment
- contains coagulase
- produce toxins
- secrete protein blocking chemotaxis of neutrophils
- resistant to opsonization
- super antigens

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17
Q

What are the names of the toxins that cause scalded skin syndrome?

A

Exfoliative toxin A (localized)
Exfoliative toxin B (distant)

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18
Q

Which two bacteria cause impetigo?

A

Staphylococcus aureus
Streptococcus pyogenes

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19
Q

How does TSST-1 affect the body?

A

Toxic shock syndrome;
due to toxins, it is life-threatening
- fever
- vomiting
- sunburn-like rash
- organ failure

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20
Q

Which organic acid produced by fermenting bacteria causes inflammation in the skin?

A

Propionibacterium acnes metabolizes sebum, eats glycerol and leaves fatty acids behind causing inflammatory acne

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21
Q

Which type of acne is the most severe?

A

Nodular cystic acne

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22
Q

What is the basis for subdividing Streptococcus into smaller divisions - specifically Greek letters?

A

Gets broken down into Greek letter groups based on whether it can:
- slightly lyse RBCs with hemolysin toxins (alpha-hemolytic)
- fully lyse RBCs with hemolysin (beta-hemolytic)
-don’t use hemolysin (gamma-hemolytic)

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23
Q

What is the basis for subdividing Streptococcus into smaller divisions - specifically serological group?

A

They are then further broken down into groups A-T based on what antigens they have in their cell walls

24
Q

Why are the Group A β Strep relevant?

A

Group A beta (aka: GAS) can fully lyse RBC so they are most commonly associated with human disease (most common human pathogens)

25
Q

In what groups of people does Group B β Strep mainly cause disease?

A
  • Newborn babies (can be passed during childbirth b/c mom has it apart of their microbiome)
  • Pregnant women
  • Elderly
  • Immunosuppressed people
26
Q

What are the toxins that contribute to necrotizing fasciitis?

A

pyrogenic toxins - initiate a fever

27
Q

Which bacterium is associated with water and can cause problems with swimmers or bathers?

A

Pseudomonas aeruginosa can cause Pseudomonas dermatitis (rash) b/c pores open up in warm water and bodies make the water alkaline allowing bacteria to flourish and then invade

28
Q

How does measles spread?

A

through respiratory route (breathing, talking, etc)

29
Q

What is the approximation incubation period of measles?

A

10-12 days

30
Q

How does the chicken pox rash change over time?

A

First 3-4 days cause just vesicles
Then vesicles fill with pus and rupture forming scabs

31
Q

how does an adult with shingles give chicken pox to a child?

A

chicken pox and singles are caused by the same virus (Varicella-Zoster Virus) but chicken pox is due to the initial infection, and shingles is due to virus being reactivated within the body

32
Q

Are the viruses present in the body continually between chicken pox and shingles?

A

Yes, they remain latent within the host’s cells peripheral nerves

33
Q

Which form of herpes simplex most commonly manifests near the mouth?

A

Herpes simplex virus-1 (HSV-1)

34
Q

How is oral herpes usually spread?

A

Orally or respiratory route

35
Q

Which type of herpes simplex is much more common?

A

Herpes simplex virus-1 (HSV-1)

36
Q

Where does herpes simplex type-2 show lesions?

A

around genitalia (genital herpes)

37
Q

How do superficial mycoses obtain nutrients?

A

Use keratin as food source (hair, nails, and stratum corneum)

38
Q

What are some genera of fungi that can infect the skin?

A

Trichophyton
Microsporum
Epidermophyton

39
Q

Know the naming of ringworm infections based on their locations.

A

Tinea capitis – ringworm of scalp
Tinea cruri – groin
Tinea pedis – foot
Tinea unguium – fingernails and toenails

40
Q

What are the two skin parasites discussed in lecture?

A

Sarcoptes scabiei – scabies
Pediculus humanus – lice

41
Q

How are skin parasites usually transmitted to a new host?

A

direct contact

42
Q

what are the two subspecies of body lice.

A

Pediculus humanus capitis : head louse
Pediculus humanus corporis : body louse

43
Q

Which subspecies of lice can transmit disease?

A

Pediculus humanus corporis: body louse (causes typhus)

44
Q

what organism causes toxic shock syndrome?

A

gram + bacteria; Staphylococcus aureus

45
Q

what type of bacteria cause erysipelas?

A

Streptococcus pyogenes
Group A beta strep (GAS)

46
Q

what is erysipelas?

A

reddish patches with raised margins (can be local and systemic)

47
Q

what is Necrotizing fascilitis? what organism causes it?

A

Streptococcus pyogenes
Group A beta strep (GAS)
“flesh eating bacteria” causes extreme swelling and destruction of skin

48
Q

what bacteria is associated with GBS? what does it stand for?

A

Group B beta strep
Streptococcus agalactiae

49
Q

what is the most common skin disease in humans? what organism causes it? what is its other name?

A

acne
Propionibacterium acnes
(Cutibacterium)

50
Q

what are the three types of acne in order of increasing severity?

A

comedonal (mild) - white/blackheads
inflammatory (moderate)
nodular cystic acne (severe)

51
Q

what is Rubeola? what organism causes it?

A

measles
virus

52
Q

what is Rubella? what organism causes it?

A

german measles
virus

53
Q

what are symptoms of rubeola?

A

cold
rash on face/trunk/extremeties
Pneumonia
secondary bacterial infections
encephalitis

54
Q

what are symptoms of Rubella?

A

much milder than rubeola
often goes undetected except when fetuses become infected = Deaf, heart defects, autism and death

55
Q

what type of organism causes small pox? what is it?

A

virus
rash that permanently disfigures

56
Q

what is the difference between all three herpes viruses?

A

HSV: oral herpes
HSV-2: genetal herpes
HSV-3: chicken pox

Microbiology (23 decks)

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