Chapter 22.1 Flashcards
What are mushrooms and brackets?
Reproductive structures
What is chitin?
A tough carbohydrate that is also found in the tough, hard outer coating of insects and other organisms
How do fungi obtain energy (generally) and where does this occur?
They break down organic and inorganic material in their environment (enzymes) and absorb the nutrients, outside their bodies
Where is most of the fungi and why?
Underground or in the substance that the fungus feeds on, large surface area and they can absorb nutrients more effectively
What are hypae (describe cells and cell walls)?
The threadlike strands that make up the body of the fungus, cells are haploid, almost identical and generally preform the same function. Some fungi have no cell walls separating the cells, some have a partial one (septa)
What are mycelium?
A tangled mass, often many meters long, of hyphae
What are rhizoids?
Rootlike structures that some fungi form that hold the fungi in place and absorb nutrients
How are fungi divided based on how they get food?
Saprobes- dead organisms
Parasites- living hosts (athlete’s foot and ringworm)
In general, how do fungi reproduce sexually?
Hyphae from opposite mating types join and form a reproductive structure (like a mushroom). Inside nuclei from the two types join, those diploid nuclei undergo meiosis and produce haploid spores.
In general, how do fungi reproduce asexually?
Specialized hyphae produce haploid spores by mitosis that are genetically identical
What are imperfect fungi?
Fungi that do not have an observed sexual phase
What is yeast and how does it reproduce?
The unicellular state of some fungi, budding although under certain conditions they can reproduce sexually
What is mold?
A rapidly growing, asexually reproducing stage of some fungi (mold only refers to the asexual phase
What are the 3 characteristics of fungi?
Threadlike bodies, cell walls with chitin, absorb nutrients from their environment
