Chapter 21.1 Flashcards
What is the advantage of sexual reproduction?
Genetic diversity
What is the advantage of multicellularity?
It allow cells to specialize
What is the difference between asexual and sexual reproduction?
A- genes identical
S- genes different
What are the reproductive cells and what do they form?
Gametes->zygote
What are the three ways a protist can reproduce asexually?
Binary fission, budding, fragmentation
How can a protist reproduce sexually?
Fusion of gametes
What is binary fission?
Unicellular organisms reproduce by splitting in half (mitosis)
What is budding?
Parent organism pinches off and forms a new organism, multi or unicellular organisms, offspring is smaller, purposeful
What is fragmentation?
Part of a multicellular organism breaks off and a new organism is formed, result of an action done to an organism (accident or predator)
What are protists, and what are four characteristics?
Eukaryotic/not belong in other kingdom
- Membrane-bound organelles
- Complex cilia and flagella
- Sexual reproduction (gametes)
- Multicellular
How do protists prefer to reproduce and how do we know?
Asexually, they only reproduce sexually under environmental stress
What is a zygospore (3)?
What a zygote transforms into when it secretes a tough outer coating. It can survive freezing, drying, and UV radiation
How do unicellular protists reproduce?
Mature(n) -> binary fission=gametes(n) -> fuse to zygote/zygospore(2n) -> meiosis=haploid cells -> mature(n)
How do multicellular protists reproduce and what is it called?
Alternation of generations
Sporophyte(2n/spores) -> spores from sporangia(n) -> gametophyte(mature/n/gamete) -> meiosis=gametes(n) -> fuse to zygote(2n) -> multicellular diploid organism is new sporophyte generation
What three things are protists similar to?
Plants, animals, fungi
