Biology Review-Genetics Flashcards
Mendel
The father of genetics
Gene
A segment of DNA on a chromosome
Alleles
Different kinds or forms of a gene
Dominant allele
An allele that masks another allele
Recessive allele
An allele that is masked by another allele
Monohybrid cross
Cross between two individuals involving one trait
Dihybrid cross
Cross between two individuals involving two traits
Genotype
The genetic makeup of an organism
Phenotype
The outward appearance of an organism
Homozygous
Both pairs of alleles are the same
Homozygous dominant
TT
Homozygous recessive
tt
Heterozygous
Both pairs of alleles are different (Tt)
Mitosis
- what kind of cells
- how many times the parent cell divides
- genetically identical or different
- number of chromosomes is same or half
Body, once, identical, same
Meiosis
- what kind of cells
- how many times the parent cell divides
- genetically identical or different
- number of chromosomes is same or half
Sex, twice, different, half as many
Gametes or sex cells
the egg and sperm
Body cells
all of the cells that are not body cells
Diploid
two sets of chromosomes, 46,2n, homologous chromosomes
Haploid
one set of chromosomes,23,n or 1n
Law of segregation
Each parent only gives one gene to their offspring
Law of independent assortment
Genes for different traits are inherented separately
