Chapter 20.3 Flashcards
What five industries/research groups are bacteria involved in?
Food production, chemical production, mining, environmental cleanup and genetic research
What is the four step procedure for diagnosing the cause of an infection called?
Koch’s postulates
What are the four steps of Koch’s postulate?
1-pathogen only in sick animal
2-isolated and grown in a lab
3-injected into heathy -> becomes sick
4-isolated and shown to be the same
What do you call diseases that can spread form person to person?
Contagious
What are the three ways a disease can spread?
Air, food/water, direct contact or contaminated surfaces
What are the two ways bacteria harm people and which is more common?
Toxins, enzymes
Toxins are more common
What are three ways bacteria help the ecosystem?
Produce oxygen, make nitrogen available and decompose organisms
What are antibiotics?
Chemicals that inhibit the growth of or kill microorganisms
What is antibiotic resistance?
The ability of bacteria to tolerate antibiotics
How can bacteria get antibiotic resistance?
The passing of plasmids through conjugation
How do populations of bacteria get antibiotic resistance?
Sensitive populations are killed by antibiotics, while resistant ones survive and reproduce
What has caused the spread of antibiotic resistance?
Widespread use of antibiotics
Why is is difficult to treat viruses?
They enter host cells to reproduce, so it is difficult to produce a drug that kills the virus without harming the living host
What is a vaccine?
A weakened form of a pathogen the prepares the immune system to recognize and destroy the pathogen
What are some (3) definitions of an emerging disease?
- Newly recognized
- Spread to a new area or host
- Reemerged after they were thought to be wiped out
