Chapter 2- The Cell In Action Flashcards
The diffusion of water through semipermeable membranes
Osmosis
The movement of particles from regions of higher density to regions of lower density
Diffusion
The movement of substances across a cell membrane without the use of energy from the cell
Passive transport
The movement of substances across the cell membrane that requires the cell to use energy
Active transport
The process by which a cell membrane surrounds a particle and encloses the particle in a vesicles to bring it into the cell
Endocytosis
The process in which a cell releases a particle by enclosing the particle in a vesicle that then moves to the cell surface and fuses with the cell membrane
Exocytosis
The process by which plants, algae, and some bacteria use sunlight, carbon dioxide, and water to make food
Photosynthesis
The process by which cells use oxygen to reproduce energy from food
Cellular respiration
The breakdown of food without the use of oxygen
Fermentation
The life cycle of a cell
The cell cycle
In a eukaryotic cell, one of the structures in the nucleus that are made up of DNA and protein; in a prokaryotic cell, the main ring of DNA
Chromosome
Chromosomes that have the same sequence of genes and the same structure
Homologous chromosomes
The process of cell division that forms new nuclei, each of which has the same chromosomes
Mitosis
Interphase of mitosis
Copying DNA
Prophase of mitosis
Chromosomes condense from long strands into rodlike structures
