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Science > Chapter 1- Cells: The Basic Units Of Life > Flashcards

Chapter 1- Cells: The Basic Units Of Life Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
0
Q

Who was the first person to discover cells?

A

Robert Hooke

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1
Q

The smallest unit that can perform all processes necessary for life.

A

Cell

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2
Q

What does cells mean in Latin?

A

Little rooms

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3
Q

Living cells

A

The juicy cells were living cells.

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4
Q

What kinds of cells have cell walls?

A

Plant and fungi cells

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5
Q

What kinds of cells do not have cell walls?

A

Animal cells

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6
Q

Problems for Hooke because of lack of animal cell walls…

A

He thought animals weren’t made of cells because he couldn’t see the outline of the cell wall.

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7
Q

Scientist that discovered small organisms in pond scum, the differences in different animals’ blood cells, bacteria, and that yeast is a single cell organism.

A

Anton van Leeuwenhoek

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8
Q

What are the types of cells that Leeuwenhoek discovered?

A

Euglena, Blood, Yeast, Bacteria

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9
Q

Who wrote the first two parts of the cell theory?

A

Theodor Schwann

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10
Q

Who wrote the final part of the cell theory: “All cells come from existing cells”

A

Dr. Rudolf Virchow

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11
Q

The cell theory

A
  • All organisms are made of one or more cells
  • The cell is the basic unit of all living things
  • All cells come from existing cells
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12
Q

Why cells can’t be big

A

Surface area to volume ratio

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13
Q

The parts all cells have in common

A

Cell membrane, cytoplasm, organelles, genetic material

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14
Q

Cells with no nucleus

A

Prokaryotic

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15
Q

Cells with a nucleus

A

Eukaryotic

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16
Q

Prokaryote categories

A

Bacteria and archaea

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17
Q

A bacteria’s DNA

A

Shaped like a twisted rubber band

18
Q

The only organelles that bacteria have

A

Ribosomes

19
Q

What does bacterium’s strong weblike cell wall do?

A

Helps the cell retain it’s shape, and work together with the cell membrane to allow materials in and out of the cell

20
Q

Strength of archaea

A

Archaea can live in places that no other organisms can live

21
Q

What are three types of archaea

A

Heat-loving, salt-loving, and methane-making

22
Q

What heat-loving and salt-loving archaea sometimes called

A

Extremophiles because they can live in extreme conditions like hot springs, or places where the water is extremely salty.

23
Q

Where do methane-making archaea sometimes live

A

Swamps, deep in the ocean near volcanic vents where the temperature is above boiling point

24
Q

The largest cells

A

Eukaryotes

25
Q

What is the cell membrane made of?

A

Proteins, lipids, and phospholipids

26
Q

What are lipids?

A

A group of compounds including fats and cholesterol that do not dissolve in water. They are hydrophobic

27
Q

What are phospholipids?

A

The cell membrane contains two layers of phospholipids. A phospholipid is a lipid that contains phosphorus. They are water loving or hydrophilic

28
Q

Main power source of a cell, where sugar is broken down to produce energy, energy is then stored in ATP

A

Mitochondria

29
Q

Organelles in plant and algae cells where photosynthesis takes place

A

Chloroplasts

30
Q

The organelle that packages and distributes proteins, looks like smooth ER

A

Golgi Complex

31
Q

Organelles that contain digestive enzymes, get rid of waste materials and protect the cell from foreign invaders

A

Lysosomes

32
Q

The organelle that contains the cell’s DNA and is the control center of the cell

A

Nucleus

33
Q

The organelle where amino acids are hooked together to make proteins

A

Ribosome

34
Q

The organelle that makes lipids, breaks down drugs and other substances, and packages proteins for the Golgi complex

A

Endoplasmic Reticulum

35
Q

The benefits of being a multicellular organism

A

Larger size, longer life, and socialization

36
Q

A group of cells that work together to perform a specific job

A

Tissue

37
Q

Two or more tissues working together to perform a specific function

A

Organ

38
Q

Anything that can perform life processes by itself

A

Organism

39
Q

A group of organs that work together to perform body functions

A

Organ system

40
Q

The arrangement of parts in an organism

A

Structure

41
Q

The special, normal, or proper activity of an organ or part

A

Function

42
Q

A web of proteins in the cytoplasm

A

Cytoskeleton

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