Chapter 1- Cells: The Basic Units Of Life Flashcards

0
Q

Who was the first person to discover cells?

A

Robert Hooke

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1
Q

The smallest unit that can perform all processes necessary for life.

A

Cell

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2
Q

What does cells mean in Latin?

A

Little rooms

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3
Q

Living cells

A

The juicy cells were living cells.

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4
Q

What kinds of cells have cell walls?

A

Plant and fungi cells

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5
Q

What kinds of cells do not have cell walls?

A

Animal cells

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6
Q

Problems for Hooke because of lack of animal cell walls…

A

He thought animals weren’t made of cells because he couldn’t see the outline of the cell wall.

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7
Q

Scientist that discovered small organisms in pond scum, the differences in different animals’ blood cells, bacteria, and that yeast is a single cell organism.

A

Anton van Leeuwenhoek

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8
Q

What are the types of cells that Leeuwenhoek discovered?

A

Euglena, Blood, Yeast, Bacteria

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9
Q

Who wrote the first two parts of the cell theory?

A

Theodor Schwann

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10
Q

Who wrote the final part of the cell theory: “All cells come from existing cells”

A

Dr. Rudolf Virchow

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11
Q

The cell theory

A
  • All organisms are made of one or more cells
  • The cell is the basic unit of all living things
  • All cells come from existing cells
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12
Q

Why cells can’t be big

A

Surface area to volume ratio

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13
Q

The parts all cells have in common

A

Cell membrane, cytoplasm, organelles, genetic material

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14
Q

Cells with no nucleus

A

Prokaryotic

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15
Q

Cells with a nucleus

A

Eukaryotic

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16
Q

Prokaryote categories

A

Bacteria and archaea

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17
Q

A bacteria’s DNA

A

Shaped like a twisted rubber band

18
Q

The only organelles that bacteria have

19
Q

What does bacterium’s strong weblike cell wall do?

A

Helps the cell retain it’s shape, and work together with the cell membrane to allow materials in and out of the cell

20
Q

Strength of archaea

A

Archaea can live in places that no other organisms can live

21
Q

What are three types of archaea

A

Heat-loving, salt-loving, and methane-making

22
Q

What heat-loving and salt-loving archaea sometimes called

A

Extremophiles because they can live in extreme conditions like hot springs, or places where the water is extremely salty.

23
Q

Where do methane-making archaea sometimes live

A

Swamps, deep in the ocean near volcanic vents where the temperature is above boiling point

24
The largest cells
Eukaryotes
25
What is the cell membrane made of?
Proteins, lipids, and phospholipids
26
What are lipids?
A group of compounds including fats and cholesterol that do not dissolve in water. They are hydrophobic
27
What are phospholipids?
The cell membrane contains two layers of phospholipids. A phospholipid is a lipid that contains phosphorus. They are water loving or hydrophilic
28
Main power source of a cell, where sugar is broken down to produce energy, energy is then stored in ATP
Mitochondria
29
Organelles in plant and algae cells where photosynthesis takes place
Chloroplasts
30
The organelle that packages and distributes proteins, looks like smooth ER
Golgi Complex
31
Organelles that contain digestive enzymes, get rid of waste materials and protect the cell from foreign invaders
Lysosomes
32
The organelle that contains the cell's DNA and is the control center of the cell
Nucleus
33
The organelle where amino acids are hooked together to make proteins
Ribosome
34
The organelle that makes lipids, breaks down drugs and other substances, and packages proteins for the Golgi complex
Endoplasmic Reticulum
35
The benefits of being a multicellular organism
Larger size, longer life, and socialization
36
A group of cells that work together to perform a specific job
Tissue
37
Two or more tissues working together to perform a specific function
Organ
38
Anything that can perform life processes by itself
Organism
39
A group of organs that work together to perform body functions
Organ system
40
The arrangement of parts in an organism
Structure
41
The special, normal, or proper activity of an organ or part
Function
42
A web of proteins in the cytoplasm
Cytoskeleton