Chapter 1- Cells: The Basic Units Of Life Flashcards
Who was the first person to discover cells?
Robert Hooke
The smallest unit that can perform all processes necessary for life.
Cell
What does cells mean in Latin?
Little rooms
Living cells
The juicy cells were living cells.
What kinds of cells have cell walls?
Plant and fungi cells
What kinds of cells do not have cell walls?
Animal cells
Problems for Hooke because of lack of animal cell walls…
He thought animals weren’t made of cells because he couldn’t see the outline of the cell wall.
Scientist that discovered small organisms in pond scum, the differences in different animals’ blood cells, bacteria, and that yeast is a single cell organism.
Anton van Leeuwenhoek
What are the types of cells that Leeuwenhoek discovered?
Euglena, Blood, Yeast, Bacteria
Who wrote the first two parts of the cell theory?
Theodor Schwann
Who wrote the final part of the cell theory: “All cells come from existing cells”
Dr. Rudolf Virchow
The cell theory
- All organisms are made of one or more cells
- The cell is the basic unit of all living things
- All cells come from existing cells
Why cells can’t be big
Surface area to volume ratio
The parts all cells have in common
Cell membrane, cytoplasm, organelles, genetic material
Cells with no nucleus
Prokaryotic
Cells with a nucleus
Eukaryotic
Prokaryote categories
Bacteria and archaea
A bacteria’s DNA
Shaped like a twisted rubber band
The only organelles that bacteria have
Ribosomes
What does bacterium’s strong weblike cell wall do?
Helps the cell retain it’s shape, and work together with the cell membrane to allow materials in and out of the cell
Strength of archaea
Archaea can live in places that no other organisms can live
What are three types of archaea
Heat-loving, salt-loving, and methane-making
What heat-loving and salt-loving archaea sometimes called
Extremophiles because they can live in extreme conditions like hot springs, or places where the water is extremely salty.
Where do methane-making archaea sometimes live
Swamps, deep in the ocean near volcanic vents where the temperature is above boiling point
The largest cells
Eukaryotes
What is the cell membrane made of?
Proteins, lipids, and phospholipids
What are lipids?
A group of compounds including fats and cholesterol that do not dissolve in water. They are hydrophobic
What are phospholipids?
The cell membrane contains two layers of phospholipids. A phospholipid is a lipid that contains phosphorus. They are water loving or hydrophilic
Main power source of a cell, where sugar is broken down to produce energy, energy is then stored in ATP
Mitochondria
Organelles in plant and algae cells where photosynthesis takes place
Chloroplasts
The organelle that packages and distributes proteins, looks like smooth ER
Golgi Complex
Organelles that contain digestive enzymes, get rid of waste materials and protect the cell from foreign invaders
Lysosomes
The organelle that contains the cell’s DNA and is the control center of the cell
Nucleus
The organelle where amino acids are hooked together to make proteins
Ribosome
The organelle that makes lipids, breaks down drugs and other substances, and packages proteins for the Golgi complex
Endoplasmic Reticulum
The benefits of being a multicellular organism
Larger size, longer life, and socialization
A group of cells that work together to perform a specific job
Tissue
Two or more tissues working together to perform a specific function
Organ
Anything that can perform life processes by itself
Organism
A group of organs that work together to perform body functions
Organ system
The arrangement of parts in an organism
Structure
The special, normal, or proper activity of an organ or part
Function
A web of proteins in the cytoplasm
Cytoskeleton
