Chapter 2: culture ppt Flashcards
culture
the characteristics, knowledge, behavior, and beliefs of a particular group of people, encompassing language, religion, social habits, values, and other factors that are acquired through deep rooted socialization.
cultural competence
able to function effectively within the cultural context of beliefs, behaviors, and needs of the person or community being served.
cultural awareness
the skills of developing sensitivity to and awareness of the beliefs, values, and behaviors of members of a group different from your own
cultural sensitivity
displaying culturally appropriate behaviors
race
genetic physical characteristics that are similar among members of a group
ethnicity
one’s membership in one or more ethnic groups, including commitment to that group’s cultural customs and rituals
stereotyping
making assumptions about an individual based on the group you think he or she belongs to
beyond race and ethnicity
Gay, lesbian, bisexual, and transgender pts with unique health concerns and healthcare needs
- visual, hearing, or mobility impaired patients with unique needs and concerns
diversity
how humans vary according to several factors such as race, age, gender, veteran status, disability, religion, ethnicity, socioeconomic status, education, sexual orientation, nationality, and physical characteristics
- exists among those seeking care and those providing care
quality care includes communicating…
in a respectful and culturally sensitive manner with patients and their families by seeking and giving feedback, and by listening and observing
health literacy
the degree to which individuals have the capacity to obtain, process, and understand basic health information and services
trained medical interpreter
used when communicating with a patient who does not speak the nurse’s language
quality can be measured by
- effectiveness of care
- timeliness of care
- patient safety
- patient centeredness
- care coordination
- access to care
healthcare disparities
the difference in access or availability of healthcare facilities and services, and the variation in rates of disease and disabilities that occur among different groups within a population
disparities are associated with the following
- limited English proficiency
- race and ethnicity
- lack of health insurance
social determinates of health
- community resources
- social support
- exposure to crime or violence
- public safety
- residential segregation
- concentrated poverty
- mass media
- technology exposure
physical conditions
- natural and built environment
- exposure to toxic substances
- other hazards
worldview
one’s philosophy or conception of the world
understanding another’s worldview helps to develop the following
- effective listening and communication skills
- openness and appreciation of differences
- awareness of biases that hinder the process of care
factors affecting worldview
social, environmental, economic, political, migrational
social worldview
family’s cultural beliefs, traditions, practices, and rituals
environmental worldview
food and water, air quality, residential utilities, noise, toxic waste, endemic diseases, living conditions, safety, recreation
economic worldview
financial resources, health insurance, health care availability and access, actions when health care is not available
political worldview
policies, availability, payment, ease of healthcare system navigation, levels of healthcare coverage, community programs
migrational worldview
conditions of migration, pre existing health status compared to present time, age at the time of migration, living conditions upon arrival, exposure to diseases or hazardous materials, illnesses, treatment during illness
culturally appropriate assessment requires the following
- excellent communication skills
- establish therapeutic relationship
- mutual respect and trust
culturally appropriate assessment
considers the social, economic, physical, environmental, and political factors that might be relevant to the care of the patient
influencers of behavioral responses
- illness
- patient and family system stress
- cultural approach to illness, prevention, and curative approaches
National Standards for Culturally and Linguistically Appropriate Services in Health Care (CLAS)
- 15 national standards put by the US Dept of Health and Human Services Office of Minority Health in 2018
- created to advance health equity by providing structure and a framework to best serve culturally diverse communities
- address culturally competent care, language access services, and organizational supports for cultural competence
- the use of a qualified medical interpreter with consideration of gender preference is essential to meeting the CLAS standards
considerations for culturally appropriate assessment
- biocultural variations: such as physical characteristics
- illness and disease trajectories
- responses to interventions, treatments, and medications
- socio environmental context
- do not stereotype a patient based upon your beliefs about his or her culture
therapeutic communication: working with a trained medical interpreter
- consider your pts gender preference
- can be in person, via telephone, or video chat
- provide the interpreter an overview of the planned discussion
- speak directly to the pt
- watch pts response
- use short sentences
- anticipate the interpreter to ask the nurse to slow down or repeat words
- encourage the medical interpreter to ask questions to clarify before interpreting to the pt
therapeutic communication: evidence based practice
- avoids harm and ensures patient safety
- many healthcare facilities and libraries provide internet access that can be used o research organizations with the best evidence and practices for healthcare professionals
