chapter 17: substance use and addictive disorders Flashcards
1
Q
substance abuse and dependence
A
- no longer considered two distinct diagnoses
- new gradient of mild, moderate to severe substance use disorder is preferred terminology
- substance can be any mood or mind alerting drug or alcohol
2
Q
addiction
A
- a chronic brain disease characterized by compulsive and maladaptive use of a substance or behavior
3
Q
alcoholism
A
a complex progressive disease characterized by significant physical, social, and/or mental impairment directly related to alcohol dependence and addiction
4
Q
codependency
A
- maladaptive coping behaviors that reinforce another person’s addictive behavior by allowing that person to avoid consequences of their actions
5
Q
co-occurring disorders
A
- many people w/ drug and/or alcohol disorders have co-existing psychiatric disorders (or dual diagnosis)
- substance may be used to treat uncomfortable symptoms. this makes the treatment more complicated
- can start w/ a patient self medicating to treat symptoms of a psychiatric diagnoses or the substance abuse can be the initial diagnosis that leads to other psychiatric disorders as a complication
6
Q
signs of substance use disorder often include the following:
A
- a need for markedly increased amounts of the substance to achieve intoxication or desired effect (tolerance)
- markedly diminished effect with continued use of the same amount of the substance
- recurrent substance related problems including legal, relationship, work, social
- substance use continues despite knowledge of the problems being created by it
7
Q
generally, substance use becomes a problem when it…
A
- interferes w/ normal functioning
- continues despite negative consequences
- hurts others
8
Q
theoretical causes of substance misuse
A
- brain disorder/genetics
- oral gratification (Freud)
- perception of being high is pleasant and person becomes addicted to this pleasure
- learned behavior
- use of substance relieves anxiety, depression
9
Q
alcoholism often includes…
A
- daily use; cannot “cut down”
- binges lasting 2 days or more
- “blackouts” (amnesia while intoxicated)
- social functioning impaired
- denial used extensively
10
Q
alcohol contributes to many chronic illnesses
A
- heart disease
- liver disease
- diabetes
- falls
- accidents
- dementia
11
Q
treatments for alcohol-related conditions
A
- treatment is usually a slow process
- usually refer to being in recover rather than ever being recovered
- treatment approaches include Alcoholics Anonymous (12-step program), individual, and family therapy
- pharmacologic treatment
12
Q
pharmacologic treatments for alcoholism: medications
A
- inconsistent success
- side effects can be unpleasant
- disulfiram (antabuse): controversial
- antidepressants
13
Q
newer medications for alcoholism
A
- acampresate
- naltrexone
- topiramate
14
Q
other treatments for alcoholism
A
- detoxification for safe withdrawal
- family and individual therapy for all involved to learn new coping skills without the presence of alcohol
15
Q
nursing care for alcohol-related conditions
A
- maintain honesty
- observe patient for use of defense mechanisms
- support patient/use positive reinforcement
- promote safety
- demonstrate ‘tough love’; encourage patient to be self responsible
- challenge denial
