chapter 16 newborn nutrition Flashcards
American Academy of Pediatrics recommends
- exclusive breastfeeding for the first 6 months of age
- addition of solid foods along w/ breastfeeding for another 6 months, world health organization addition of breastfeeding for 2 years or more
infant nutritional needs
- calorie needs based on their age, size, and sex
- higher during the first year of life
- measured by length and weight on growth chart
- calories are from protein, fat, and carbohydrates in diet
- water from adequate breast milk or formula
newborn infant eats only ___ for the first few days
small amounts
infant stomach capacity
- day 1: 5-7 ml
- day 3: 22-27 ml
- day 10: 45-60 ml
- overfeeding can lead to regurgitation
the breastfeeding mother and infant
- increase in exclusive breastfeeding to promote infant health and reduce mortality
- promote breastfeeding early in prenatal care
policies to promote breastfeeding
- plac the newborn in direct skin to skin contact w/ the mother after delivery
- assist w/ latching on during the first hour after birth
- mother and infant should not be separated on the postpartum unit
- mother and infant should sleep in close proximity
- avoid supplements such as water or formula
lactogenesis
milk production
- nipple stimulation occurs from latching the infant onto the breast
- stimulates pituitary gland to increase prolactin
- prolactin causes alveoli to take proteins, sugars, and fat from the blood supply and make breast milk
colostrum
first substance produced by the breasts
- during second and first trimesters
- easy to digest
- concentrated w/ carbohydrates and fat
- contains secretory immunoglobulin A
- has a laxative effect to help pass the first meconium stool
frequent breastfeeding
8-12 times a day
- stimulates pituitary to increase prolactin
- increases volume of breast milk
- mature milk: produced 3rd or 4th postpartum day
let down reflex
- release o prolactin to produce milk and oxytocin caused by nipple stimulation, baby crying, or thinking about baby
- tingly or warm sensation in breasts
- milk drip or spray during let down
components of breast milk
- proteins (60% whey, 40% casein)
- lactoferrin
- secretory IgA
- lysozyme
- bifidus factor
- cholesterol and fats
- vitamins
- carbohydrates
- antibodies
stages of human milk
stage 1; colostrum
stage 2: trainsitional milk
stage 3: mature milk
- foremilk vs hindmilk
advantages of breastfeeding
- provides exact nutrients
- immunological protection
- convenient and economical
- promotes close physical contact
- low risk of developing premenopausals breast and ovarian cancer
disadavantages of breastfeeding
- mother must be available for feeding
- embarrassment
- medications can interrupt breastfeeding
- uncomfortable
- leaking of breast milk
contraindications for breastfeeding
- infant diagnosed with galactosemia
- mother infected with : HIV
- taking antiretroviral medications
- untreated, active tubucerlosis
- infected w/ human t cell lymphotropic virus type 1 or type 2
- using or dependent on an illicit drug
- herpes lesion on breast
- taking prescribed cancer chemotherapy agents
- undergoing radiation therapies
