Chapter 15 Airway Management Flashcards
3-3-2 rule
A method used to predict difficult intubation.
A mouth opening of less than three fingerbreadths, a mandible length of less than three fingerbreadths, and a distance from hyoid bone to thyroid notch of less than two fingerbreadths indicate a possibly difficult airway
Abdominal thrust maneuver
Abdominal thrusts performed to relieve a foreign body airway obstruction.
Accessory muscles
The muscles not normally used during normal breathing; include the sternocleidomastoid muscles of the neck, the pectoral is major muscles of the chest, and the abdominal muscles.
Acetylcholine (ACh)
A chemical neurotransmitter of the parasympathetic nervous system.
Adventitious
Abnormal
after load
The pressure gradient against which the heart must pump; an increase can decrease cardiac output.
Atonal gasps
Slow, shallow, irregular respirations or occasional gasping breaths that result from cerebral anoxia.
anoxia
An absence of oxygen .
Anterograde amnesia
An inability to remember events after the onset of amnesia.
Aphonia
The inability to speak
Apneic oxygenation
The continued alveolar uptake of oxygen, even when the patient is apneic; can be facilitated by administering oxygen via nasal cannula during intubation.
Apneustic respirations
Prolonged gasping inspirations followeed by extremely short, ineffective expirations; associated with brainstem insult.
Asymmetric chest wall movement
Unequal movement of the two sides of the chest; indicates decreased airflow into one lung.
Automatic transport ventilator (ATV)
A portable mechanical ventilator attached to a control box that allows the variables of ventilation (such as rate and tidal volume) to be set.
Bag-mask device
A manual ventilation device that consists of a bag, mask, reservoir, and oxygen inlet; capable of delivering up to 100% oxygen.
Barotrauma
Trauma resulting from excessive pressure.
Benzodiazepines
Sedative-hypnotic drugs that provide muscle relaxation and mild sedation; include drugs such as diazepam (Valium) and midazolam (versed)
Biannual laryngoscopy
An effective technique to improve laryngoscopy view of the vocal cords by external manipulation of the larynx.
Bilevel positive airway pressure (BPAP)
A form of noninvasive positive pressure ventilation that delivers two pressures (a higher inspirations positive airway pressure, and a lower exploratory positive airway pressure).
Biot (ataxic) respirations
Irregular pattern, rate, and depth of respirations with intermittent periods of apnea; result from increased intracranial pressure.
Bourdon-gauge flowmeter
An oxygen flowmeter that is commonly used because it is not affected by gravity and can be placed in any position.
Bronchovesicular sounds
A combination of the tracheal and vesicular breath sounds; heard where airways and alveoli are found, the upper part of the sternum and between the scapulas.
BURP maneuver
The backward, upward, and rightward pressure used during intubation to improve the laryngoscopic view of the glottis opening and vocal cords; also called external laryngeal manipulation.
capnographer
A device that attaches between the endotracheal tube and ventilation device; provides graphic information about the presence of exhaled carbon dioxide.