Ch. 1 EMS System

Question 1

Alternative time sampling

Answer 1

Time parameters that are set during a research project

Question 2

Blinding

Answer 2

The method of not giving the specifics of a project to the people participating in a research or study

Question 3

Case study

Answer 3

A type of research in which a single case is investigated and documented over a period of time

Question 4

Certification

Answer 4

a process in which a person, an institution, or a program is evaluated and recognized as meeting certain predetermined standards to provide safe and ethical care.

Question 5

Cohort research

Answer 5

A type of research that examines patterns of change, a sequence of events, or trends over time which in a certain population of study subjects.

Question 6

Commission on Accreditation for Pre-Hospital Continuing Education (CAPCE)

Answer 6

Organization that sets the education and accreditation standards for prehospital providers.

Question 7

Continuous quality improvement

Answer 7

System of internal and external reviews and audits of all aspects of an EMS system.

Question 8

Convenience sampling

Answer 8

The least preferred component of research

Research in which subjects are manually assigned to a specific person or crew

Question 9

Cross sectional design

Answer 9

When all data at one point in time is collected

Question 10

Descriptive

Answer 10

Format in which an observation of an event is made without any attempts to change it.

Question 11

Emergency Medical Service (EMS)

Answer 11

Health care system designed to bring immediate on scene care to those in need along with transport to a definitive medical care facility

Question 12

Ethical

Answer 12

A behavior expected by a person or group following a set of rules.

Question 13

Evidence based practice

Answer 13

The use of practices that have been proven to be effective in improving patient outcomes.

Question 14

Health care professional

Answer 14

A person who follows specific professional attributes that are outlined in this profession.

Question 15

Inferential

Answer 15

A research format that uses a hypothesis to prove one finding from another

Question 16

Institutional review board (IRB)

Answer 16

Institution that follows a set requirements for review that were devised by the US Public Health Service.

Question 17

Licensure

Answer 17

Process where a state allows qualified people to perform a regulated act.

Question 18

Literature review

Answer 18

Form of research in which the existing literature is reviewed, and the researcher analyzes the collection of research to draw a conclusion.

Question 19

Longitudinal design

Answer 19

data collection method in which information is collected at various set time intervals, and not just at one time.

Question 20

Medical direction

Answer 20

Direction given to an EMS system or provider by a physician.

Question 21

Mobile intensive care units (MICUs)

Answer 21

An early title given to an ambulance-style unit

Question 22

Off-line (indirect) medical control

Answer 22

Medical direction given through a set of protocols, policies, and/or standards.

Question 23

Online (direct) medical control

Answer 23

Medical direction given in real time to an EMS service or provider.

Question 24

Parameters

Answer 24

Outline measures that may be difficult to obtain in a research project.

Question 25

Peer review

Answer 25

Process used by medical magazines, journals, and other publications to ensure the quality and validity of an article before it is published,
And which involves sending the article to subject matter experts for review of the content and research methods.

Question 26

Profession

Answer 26

A specialized set of knowledge, skills, and/or expertise

Question 27

Prospective research

Answer 27

A type of research that gathers information as events occur in real time

Question 28

Protocol

Answer 28

A treatment plan developed for a specific illness or injury

Question 29

Qualitative

Answer 29

A type of descriptive statistic in research that does not use numeric information.

Question 30

Quality control

Answer 30

Responsibility of the medical director to ensure the appropriate medical care standards are met by EMS personnel on each call

Question 31

Quantitative

Answer 31

A type of measurement in research that uses a mean, median, and mode.

Question 32

Reciprocity

Answer 32

Process of granting licensure or certification to a provider from another state or agency.

Question 33

Registration

Answer 33

Providing information to an entity that stores it in some form of record book.
In EMS, records of education, state or local licensure, and recertification are held by a recognized board.

Question 34

Research agenda

Answer 34

Specific questions that a study aims to answer, and the precise methods in which the data will be gathered

Question 35

Research consortium

Answer 35

A group of agencies working together to study a particular topic

Question 36

Research domain

Answer 36

The area (clinical, basic science, systems, or education) that will be impacted by a study.

Question 37

Retrospective research

Answer 37

Research performed from current available information

Question 38

Safety culture

Answer 38

A system of beliefs and practices that:
1- acknowledge that organizations engage in high risk activities
2- determine the importance of consistent safe operations to counteract these activities
3- support a blame free environment where errors can be reported without fear of punishment
4- maintain organizational commitment to address reported errors and safety concerns

Question 39

Sampling errors

Answer 39

Expected errors that occur in the sampling phase of research

Question 40

Standard deviation

Answer 40

A measure of the range of scores in a set of data relative to the mean score.

Question 41

Standing order

Answer 41

A type of protocol that is a written document signed by the EMS system’s medical director that outlines specific directions, permissions, and sometimes prohibitions regarding patient care that is rendered prior to contacting medical control.

Question 42

Systematic sampling

Answer 42

A computer- generated list of subjects or groups for research

Question 43

Trauma systems

Answer 43

The collaboration of prehospital and in-hospital medicine that focuses on optimizing the use of resources and assets of each which a primary goal of reducing the mortality and morbidity of trauma patients.

Question 44

Unblinded study

Answer 44

A type of study in which the subjects are advised of all aspects of the study.