Ch. 14 Medication Administration Flashcards
1
Q
Access port
A
A sealed hub on an administration set designed for sterile access to the IV fluid
2
Q
Administration set
A
Tubing that connects to the IV bag access port and the catheter to deliver fluid.
3
Q
Ampules
A
Small glass containers that are sealed and the contents sterilized
4
Q
Antecubital
A
The anterior aspect of the elbow
5
Q
Anticoagulant
A
A substance that prevents blood from clotting
6
Q
Antiseptics
A
Chemicals used to cleanse an area before performing an invasive procedure, such as starting an IV line; not toxic to living tissues; examples include isopropyl alcohol and iodine.
7
Q
Aseptic technique
A
A method of cleansing used to prevent contamination of a site when you are performing an invasive procedure, such as starting an IV.
8
Q
Aural
A
Pertaining to the ear
9
Q
Blood tubing
A
A special type of macro drip administration set designed to facilitate rapid fluid replacement by manual infusion of multiple IV bags or IV blood replacement combinations.
10
Q
Bolus
A
A term used to describe “in one mass”
In medication administration, a single dose given by the IV or IO route; may be a small or large quantity of the drug
11
Q
Bone Injection Gun (BIG)
A
A spring loaded device that is used for inserting an intraosseous needle into the proximal Tibia in adult and pediatric patients
12
Q
Buccal
A
Between the cheek and gums
13
Q
Butterfly catheter
A
A rigid, hollow, venous cannulation device identified by its plastic “wings” that act as anchoring points for securing the catheter
14
Q
Cannulation
A
The insertion of a catheter, such as into a vein to allow for fluid flow
15
Q
Catheter shear
A
Occurs when a needle is reinserted into the catheter, and it slices through the catheter, creating a free floating segment.
16
Q
Celsius scale
A
A scale for measuring temperature where water freezes at 0 degrees and boils at 100 degrees
17
Q
Colloid solutions
A
Solutions that contain molecules (usually proteins) that are too large to pass out of the capillary membranes and, therefore, remain in the vascular compartment.
18
Q
Crystalloid solutions
A
Solutions of dissolved crystals, (for example, salts or sugars) in water; contain compounds that quickly dissociate in solution.
19
Q
D5W
A
An intravenous solution made up of 5% dextrose in water.
20
Q
dehydration
A
Depletion of the body’s systemic fluid volume
21
Q
Desired dose
A
The amount of a drug that physician orders for a patient; the drug order.
22
Q
Diaphysis
A
The shaft of a long bone.
23
Q
Diluent
A
A solution (usually water or normal saline) used for diluting a medication
24
Q
Disinfectants
A
Chemicals used on non living objects to kill organisms; toxic to living tissues.
25
Distal traction
Gentle downward or lateral traction on the skin
26
Drip chamber
The area of the administration set where fluid accumulates so that the tubing remains filled with fluid
27
Drug reconstitution
Injecting sterile water or saline from one vial into another vial containing a powdered form of the drug.
28
Enema
A fluid solution, possibly containing supplemental medications, that can be administered rectally to aid in a variety of gastrointestinal complications.
29
Enteral medications
Medications administration that involves the medication passing through a portion of the gastrointestinal tract.
30
Epiphyseal plate
The growth plate of a bone; a major site of bone development during childhood.
31
Epiphyses
The ends of a long bone.
32
External jugular (EJ) vein
The large neck vein that is lateral to the carotid artery.
33
EZ-IO
A handheld, battery-powered driver to which a special intraosseous needle is attached; used for insertion of the intraosseous needle into the proximal tibia of children and adults.
34
Fahrenheit scale
A scale for measuring temperature where water freezes at 32 degrees and boils at 212 degrees
35
First Access for Shock Trauma (FAST) devices
Manual sternal IO devices used in patients age 12 and older; include an infusion tube, subcutaneous portal, an introducer, a target/strain relief patch, and a protective dome.
36
Flash chamber
The area of an IV catheter that fills with blood to help indicate when a vein is cannulated.
37
Gastric tubes
Tubes that are commonly inserted in patients in the prehospital setting to decompress the stomach; can also be used to administer certain enteral medications.
38
Gauge
The internal diameter of an IV catheter or needle.
39
Gtt
Unit of measure that indicates drops.
40
Hematoma
An accumulation of blood in the tissues beneath the skin; a potential complication of IV therapy.
41
Hypertonic solution
A solution that has a greater concentration of sodium than does the cell; the increased osmotic pressure can draw out water from the cell and cause it to collapse
42
Hypotonic solution
A solution that has a lower concentration of sodium than does the cell; the increased osmotic pressure lets water flow into the cell, causing it to swell and possibly burst.
43
Implanted vascular access devices
Devices that are implanted in surgery, sutured under the skin, for the purpose of long-term medication administration, total parent earl nutrition, chemotherapy, blood product administration, and venous blood sampling; an arteriovenous fistula is an example.
44
Infiltration
The escape of fluid into the surrounding tissue; the result of vein perforation during IV cannulation.
45
Infusion pump
A mechanical device that infuses a precise IV volume programmed by the clinician.
46
Inhalation
Breathing into the lungs; a medication delivery route.
47
Intradermal
The layer of the dermis, just beneath the epidermis; a medication delivery route.
48
Intramuscular (IM)
Into a muscle; a medication delivery route
49
Intranasal
Within the nose
50
Intraosseous (IO)
Within the bone.
51
Intraosseous infusion
A technique of administering fluids, blood and blood products and medications into the intraosseous space of a long bone, usually the proximal tibia.
52
IO space
The spongy cancellous bone of the epiphyses and the medullary cavity of the diaphysis, collectively.
53
intravenous (IV)
Within the vein
54
Intravenous therapy
Cannulation of a vein with an IV catheter to access the patient’s vascular system.
55
Ionic concentration
The amount of charged particles found in a particular area.
56
Isotonic crystalloid solution
Intravenous solution that does not cause a fluid shift into or out of the cell; examples include normal saline and lactated Ringer solutions.
57
Isotonic solution
A solution that has the same concentration of sodium that does the cell. In this case, water does not shift, and no change in cell shape occurs.
58
Lactated Ringer (LR) solution
A sterile isotonic crystalloid IV solution of specified amounts of calcium chloride, potassium chloride, sodium chloride, and sodium lactate in water.
59
local reactions
Reactions that occur in a localized area; a potential complication of intravenous therapy.
60
Macrodrip sets
Administration sets named for the large orifice between the piercing spike and the drip chamber; allow for rapid fluid flow into the vascular system; allow 10 or 15 gtt/ml, depending on the manufacturer.
61
Medical asepsis
A term applied to the practice of preventing contamination of the patient by using aseptic technique
62
Metered dose inhaler (MDI)
A pressurized canister that delivered a specific dose of a medication; commonly used for beta-agonist bronchodilators.
63
Metric system
A decimal system based on tens for the measurement of length, weight, and volume.
64
Micro drip sets
Administration sets named for the small needle like orifice between the piercing spike and the drip chamber; allow for carefully controlled fluid flow and are ideally suited for medication administration; allow for 60 gtt/ml
65
Mis-o-vial
A single vial divided into two compartments by a rubber stopper; methylprednisolone sodium cuccinate (Solu-Medrol) is stored this way.
66
Mucosal atomizer device (MAD)
A device that attaches to the end of a syringe that is used to spray certain medications via the intranasal route
67
Nebulizer
A device for producing a fine spray or mist that is used to deliver inhaled medications.
68
New Intraosseous (NIO) device
A spring loaded device that contains neither drill nor battery, used for inserting an intraosseous needle into the proximal tibia of an adult.
69
Non-tunneling devices
Devices that have been inserted by direct venipuncure through the skin directly into a selected vein, for the purpose of long term medication administration, total parenteral nutrition, chemotherapy, and venous blood sampling; peripheral inserted central catheters and central venous catheters are examples.
70
Normal saline
A solution of 0.9% sodium chloride; an isotonic crystalloid.
71
Occlusion
Blockage, usually of a tubular structure such as a blood vessel or IV catheter.
72
Ocular
Pertaining to the eye.
73
Osmolarity
The ability to influence the movement of water across a semipermeable membrane.
74
Osteogenesis imperfects
A congenital bone disease results in fragile bones.
75
Osteomyelitis
Inflammation fo the bone and muscle caused by infection.
76
Over hydration
An increase in the body’s systemic fluid volume.
77
Over the needle catheter
A teflon (plastic) catheter inserted over a hollow needle.
78
Parenteral route
A route of medication administration that involves any route other than the gastrointestinal tract.
79
Penrose drain
A type of surgical drain often used as constricting band.
80
Percutaneous
Through the skin or mucous membrane.
81
Peripheral vein cannulation
A technique in which a cannula (tube) is inserted into veins of the peripheral areas, that is, veins that can be seen and or palpated. Examples of peripheral veins include those of the hand, arm, and lower extremity and the external jugular vein.
82
Piercing spike
The hard, sharpened plastic spike on the end of the administration set designed to pierce the sterile membrane of the IV bag.
83
Prefilled syringes
Medication syringes that are prepackaged and prepared with a specific concentration.
84
Pressure infuser device
A sleeve that is placed around IV bag and inflated to force fluid to flow from the IV bag and into the tubing.
85
Pulmonary embolism
A blood clot or foreign matter trapped within the pulmonary circulation
86
Pyrogens reaction
A reaction characterized by an abrupt temp elevation (as high as 106F[41C]) with severe chills, backache, headache, weakness, nausea, and vomiting; a potential complication of intravenous or intraosseous therapy.
87
Radiopaque
Feature of an IV catheter (or any other object) that allows it to appear on a radiograph
88
Saline locks
Special types of IV devices that eliminate the need to hang a bag of IV fluid; also called a buff cap or INT (intermittent); commonly used for patients who do not require fluid blouses but may require medication therapy.
89
Sharps
Any contaminated item that can cause injure, includes IV needles and catheters, broken ampules or vials, or anything else that can penetrate or lacerate the skin.
90
Sterile
The destruction of all living organisms; achieved by using heat, gas, or chemicals.
91
Subcutaneous
Into the tissue between the skin and muscle; a medication delivery route.
92
Suppository
A drug mixed in a firm base that melts at body temperature and is shaped to fit the rectum.
93
Syncopal episodes
fainting; brief losses of consciousness caused by transiently inadequate blood blow to the brain.
94
Systemic complications
Reactions that affect systems of the body.
95
Third spacing
The shift in go fluids into the tissues, creating edema.
96
Thrombophlebitis
Inflammation of a vein.
97
Track marks
The visible scars from repeated cannulation of a vein; commonly associated with illicit drug use.
98
Transdermal
Across the skin; a medication delivery route.
99
Trojan
A solid boring needle.
100
Vacutainer
A cylindrical device that attaches to an 18 or 20 gauge sampling needle; accommodates self-sealing blood tubes when blood samples are being obtained.
101
Varicose veins
Veins on the leg that are large, twisted and rope like and can cause pain, swelling, or itching.
102
Venous thrombosis
That development of a stationary blood clot in the venous circulation
103
Vials
Small glass or plastic bottles that contain medication; may contain single or multiple doses.
104
Volume on hand
The amount of fluid you have on hand, such as the amount of fluid in an IV bag or the amount of fluid in a vial of medication.
105
Volutrol
A special type of micro drip set that features a 100 or 200mL calibrated drip chamber; used for fluid regulation in patients prone to circulatory overload, such as pediatric and older patients; also called a Buretrol.
