Chapter 13: Supplements Flashcards
Ergogenic Aid
Something that improves either physical or mental performance.
Current Good Manufacturing Practices
Current standards of practice set forth by the U.S. Food and Drug Manufacturers for dietary supplement manufactures.
DHA
Abbreviation for docosahexaenoic acid; essential omega-3 fatty acid found in marine sources including fish and krill; highly abundant in the human brain, eyes, and sperm cells.
EPA
Abbreviation for eicosapentaenoic acid; essential omega-3 fatty acid found in marine sources including fish and krill; serves as a precursor to various compounds which have anti-inflammatory activities in the body in addition to serving as structural components of the brain and eye tissue.
Creatine Monohydrate
Creatine monohydrate is synthesized endogenously in the liver and kidneys from amino acids and is stored primarily in muscle tissue. Its role is to regenerate intracellular ATP stores via the phosphocreatine system during high intensity activity.
Protein
Protein provides amino acids, the building blocks of skeletal muscle, other structures, and various compounds in the body such as enzymes and hormones.
Essential Amino Acids
Amino acids that are necessary for bodily functions but cannot be synthesized by the body and, therefore, must be obtained in the diet.
Protein Balance
The net result of protein synthesis and breakdown.
Lean Body Mass
The proportion of the human body which excludes fat mass, including organs, muscle and bone.
Anabolic Resistance
A blunted muscle synthesis response to resistance training, amino acids, and protein; observed more in the elderly than younger populations.
Total Amino Acids in our Diet
20
Total Essential Amino Acids
9
Leucine
An essential and branched chain amino acid, identified as the initiator of muscle protein synthesis.
Lactose
A naturally occurring sugar present in milk and milk products.
Bioavailability
The extent to which an ingredient, food, or other substance is absorbed by the body.
Acceptable Macronutrient Distribution Range
A range of intakes for carbohydrates, protein, and fats set by the Food and Nutrition Board of the National Academy of Medicine recommended to meet the nutritional needs of most individuals and reduce risk of chronic disease.
The 3 Branched Chain Amino Acids
Leucine, valine, and isoleucine
HMB
A byproduct of the essential branched chain amino acid, leucine, identified as the primary initiator of muscle protein synthesis.
Caffeine
It stimulates the nervous system and has been shown to modestly increase daily energy expenditure, decrease energy intake, reduce perceived effort level of exercise, and improve feelings of energy and alertness.
Capsaicin
One of five naturally present capsaicinoids in red chili peppers and is purported to be a natural weight controller.
