Chapter 13 Fluid and Electrolyte Imbalance Flashcards
Hormones that regulate fluid balance
Aldosterone
ADH
Natriuretic peptides
Level and function of Na+
135-145
skeletal muscle contraction, cardiac contraction, nerve impulse transmission, and normal osmolarity and volume of the ECF
Level and function of K+
3.5-5
Depolarization and generation of action potentials, as well as regulating protein synthesis and glucose use and storage
Medication used to treat hyperkalemia
Kayexalate, insulin
Level and function of Ca2+
9-10.5
functions closely related to those of phosphorus and magnesium.
Interventions for hypercalcemia
IV 0.9% sodium chloride, furosemide, calcium chelators, phosphorus, calcitonin, bisphosphonates, and prostaglandin synthesis inhibitors
Dialysis
Level and function of P
3.0-4.5
Found in the bones
needed for activating vitamins and enzymes, forming adenosine triphosphate, and assisting in cell growth and metabolism.
Reciprocal relationship to Ca2+
Dietary sources of P
meats, fish, dairy products, and nuts
Manifestations of hypophosphatemia
Cardiac/CNS changes
Rhabdomyolysis
hypophosphatemia interventions
Phosphorus replacement
Vitamin D supplement
Hyperphosphatemia effects
causes hypocalcemia
most problems come from that
Causes of hyperphosphatemia
renal insufficiency, certain cancer treatments, increased phosphorus intake, and hypoparathyroidism.
Level and function of Mg
1.3-2.1
critical for skeletal muscle contraction, carbohydrate metabolism, ATP formation, vitamin activation, and cell growth.
Hypomagnesemia causes what?
increased membrane excitability and the accompanying serum calcium and potassium imbalances.
Hypermagnesemia causes what?
excitable membranes are less excitable and need a stronger-than-normal stimulus to respond
