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Nursing 281 > 10 minute topic Cardiovascular diagnostics and Procedures > Flashcards

10 minute topic Cardiovascular diagnostics and Procedures Flashcards

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1
Q

When are Cardiac enzymes released?

A

hen the heart muscle suffers ischemia

the heart isn’t getting enough oxygen

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2
Q

When is a lipid profile used

A

detects cholesterol levels and is used for early detection of heart disease

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3
Q

Indications for running cardiac enzyme or lipid tests

A

Angina
MI – s/s of MI
Heart disease – a patient with known heart disease and comes in with other s/s
Hyperlipidemia

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4
Q

CK-MB range

A

30-170 but really should be 0

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5
Q

CK-MB time of elevation

A

elevates within 4-6 hours of myocardial injury

stays elevated for 3 days

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6
Q

Troponin T range

A

<0.2ng/L

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7
Q

Troponin T time of elevation

A

elevates within 3 hours of MI

stays elevated for 2-3 weeks

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8
Q

Troponin I range

A

0.03 ng/L

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9
Q

Troponin I time of elevation

A

elevates within 3 hours of MI

Stays elevated for 10 days

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10
Q

Myoglobin range

A

<90mcg/L

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11
Q

Myoglobin time of elevation

A

elevates within 2 hours of MI

Only stays elevated for 24 hours

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12
Q

HDL ranges

A

35-65mg/dl for men

35-80 mg/dl for women

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13
Q

LDL cholesterol levels

A

<130-180 mg/dl

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14
Q

Triglycerides

A

should be <150

used to evaluate for atherosclerosis

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15
Q

Echocardiogram

A

ultrasound of the heart used to dx valve disorders

looking at the actual structure of the heart

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16
Q

Candidates for an ECG

A

cardiomyopathy
HF
angina
MI

17
Q

Pharmalogical stress test

A

Adenosine is given if PT is unable to walk on treadmill

18
Q

Stress test candidates

A

Angina
heart failure
MI
dysrhythmias

19
Q

Cardiac Angiography (AKA cardiac catheterization)

A

invasive diagnostic procedure to evaluate the presence and degree of coronary artery blockage

20
Q

Cardiac Angiography (AKA cardiac catheterization) procedure

A

occlusions are seen by injecting contrast media under fluoroscopy

21
Q

Cardiac Angiography (AKA cardiac catheterization) indications

A

unstable angina w/ ECG changes

to determine extent and location of known heart disease

22
Q

Cardiac Angiography (AKA cardiac catheterization) pre-procedure

A

NPO for 8 hours due to aspiration risk
Check BUN and creatanine because the dye is excreted through the kidneys
check for shellfish or iodine allergy

23
Q

Cardiac Angiography (AKA cardiac catheterization) intra procedure

A

client is awake
local anesthetic
client will feel warm flushing
pressure to be placed on incision to prevent bleeding

24
Q

Cardiac Angiography (AKA cardiac catheterization) post procedure

A

monitor pedal pulses
we are on the arterial side so a clot would go toward to feet
Supine position
Continuous cardiac monitoring

25
Q

Cardiac Angiography (AKA cardiac catheterization) patient teaching

A

avoid strenuous activity for 4-6 days
Report bleeding, SOB, changes to extremity
have regular labs if on coumadin

26
Q

Cardiac Angiography (AKA cardiac catheterization) complications

A

cardiac tamponade
Hematoma
Re-stenosis of treated vessel
retroperitoneal bleeding

27
Q

cardiac tamponade

A

fluid accumulation in the pericardial sac
This is a cardiac emergency and they will do a pericardiocentesis
Give IV fluids to combat hypotension

28
Q

cardiac tamponade s/sx

A

include hypotension, jugular venous distention, heart sounds will be muffled, paradoxical pulse and BP change of inhalation and exhalation

29
Q

Re-stenosis of treated vessel

A

Clot reformation
Can occur immediately or several weeks after procedure
Pattern changes in the ECG and possible chest pain
Notify the MD
They will go back to the cath lab

30
Q

retroperitoneal bleeding

A

Bleeding into retroperitoneal space (abdominal cavity behind the peritoneum)

31
Q

Cause of retroperitoneal bleeding

A

femoral artery puncture

32
Q

Retroperitoneal bleeding sx

A

Flank pain

hypotension

33
Q

Retroperitoneal bleeding tx

A

give IV fluids and blood
Notify MD
Surgical repair required
this is an emergency

Nursing 281 (34 decks)

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