10 minute topic Valvular Heart Disease Flashcards
Valvular heart disease
abnormality or dysfunction of any of the heart’s four valves: the mitral and aortic valves (left side) and the tricuspid and pulmonic valves (right side)
Valvular Stenosis
Narrowed opening that impedes blood moving forward
Valvular Insufficiency
improper closure, some blood flows backward (regurgitation)
Congenital Valvular heart disease
can affect all four valves (or just one) and cause either stenosis or insufficiency
Acquired Valvular heart disease types
Degenerative
Rheumatic
Infective endocarditis
degenerative Acquired Valvular heart disease
Due to damage over time from mechanical stress, most common cause is hypertension
Rheumatic Acquired Valvular heart disease
Gradual fibrotic changes, calcification of valve cusps. The mitral valve is most commonly affected – this is why it is important to treat rheumatic fever
Infective endocarditis Acquired Valvular heart disease
Infectious organisms destroy the valve, so they become vegetative
Streptococcal infections are a common cause
Which side is more commonly effected?
Left side because of the greater pressures on the left side of the heart
risk factor for valvular disease: Age
fibrotic thickening occurs in the mitral and aortic valves. The aorta is stiffer because of increasing systolic BP and stress on mitral valve.
Valvular heart disease risk factors
HTN
Marfans syndrome
murmur
age
Marfans syndrome
connective tissue disorder that affects the heart and other areas of the body
Left-sided valve damage signs
→ dyspnea, fatigue, ↑ pulmonary artery pressure, ↓cardiac output
Signs of Mitral Stenosis
Left Side oDiastolic murmur oAtrial fibrillation oPalpitations oJVD oPitting edema oHemoptysis oCough/ Dysphagia oHoarseness oOrthopnea
Signs of Mitral valve insufficiency
Left Side o paroxysmal nocturnal dyspnea – they sit up at night cause they can’t breath o Orthopnea o Palpitations o S3 & /or S4 heart sounds o Possible diminished lung sounds/ crackles o Systolic murmur o Atrial fibrillation
Signs of Aortic Stenosis
Left Side o Angina o Syncope o Decreased SVR (systemic vascular resistance) o S3 & /or S4 o Systolic murmur o Narrowed pulse pressure
Signs of Aortic insufficiency
Left Side o Angina o S3 sounds o Diastolic murmur o Widened pulse pressure
Signs of Right side damage
dyspnea, fatigue, ↑ right artrial pressure, peripheral edema, JVD & hepatomegaly (kind of like right sided HF, it is backing up into the periphery)
Signs of Tricuspid stenosis
Right Side
o Atrial dysrhythmias
o Diastolic murmur
o Decreased cardiac output
Signs of Tricuspid insufficiency
Right Side
o Conduction delays – you will see changes in the ECG
o SVT
o Systolic murmur
Signs of Pulmonic Stenosis
Right side
from the heart to the lungs
o Cyanosis
o Systolic murmur
Signs of Pulmonic Insufficiency
Right side
o Diastolic murmur
Valvular heart disease dx
chest x-ray 12 lead EKG Echocardiogram Stress test Radionuclide studies Angiography
Chest x-ray
shows chamber enlargement, pulmonary congestion, and valve calcification
