Ch 31 and 32 Non-infectious upper and lower respiratory problems

Question 1

Surgical management of sleep apnea

Answer 1

adenoidectomy
uvulectomy
remodeling of the entire posterior oropharynx Tracheostomy

Question 2

Supraglottic method of swallowing

Answer 2

Sit or stand upright, clear throat, take a deep breath, place ½ -1 teaspoon of food in mouth, hold breath or bear down and swallow twice

Question 3

Asthma

Answer 3

Effects only airways, not alveoli

Inflammation causes obstruction

Question 4

Forced vital capacity test (FVC)

Answer 4

volume of air exhaled from full inhalation and full exhalation

Question 5

Forced expiratory volume in the first second test (FEV1)

Answer 5

volume of air blown out as hard and fast as possible during the first second of the most forceful exhalation and the greatest full inhalation

Question 6

Peak expiratory flow test (PEF)

Answer 6

fastest airflow rate reached at any time during exhalation

Question 7

Medications asthmatics should avoid

Answer 7

aspirin, Nsaids, or beta blockers

Question 8

Complications of status asthmaticus

Answer 8

pneumothorax
cardiac or respiratory arrest
possible need for intubation

Question 9

COPD

Answer 9

Comprised of emphysema or chronic bronchitis

Patients have chronic respiratory acidosis

Question 10

Emphysema

Answer 10

Loss of lung elasticity

Air is trapped in alveoli

Question 11

Chronic bronchitis

Answer 11

Inflammation of bronchi
Only effects airway and not alveoli
Bronchiole walls thicken and thick mucus is produced

Question 12

Complications of COPD

Answer 12

hypoxemia, acidosis, respiratory infection, cardiac failure, and dysrhythmias

Question 13

Cause of hypoxemia and acidosis in COPD

Answer 13

decreased ability to exchange gas

Question 14

Cause of respiratory infection in COPD

Answer 14

Increased mucous and poor oxygenation

Question 15

Cause of dysrhythmias in COPD

Answer 15

caused by hypoxemia or acidosis

Question 16

Weight changes in COPD

Answer 16

WT loss due to increased metabolic needs and decreased intake

Question 17

Types of drug therapy for COPD

Answer 17

same drugs as for asthma plus mucolytics to thin secretions

Question 18

Diaphragmatic/abdominal breathing

Answer 18

• Lie on back with knees bent
• Place hands or a book on abdomen to create resistance
• Begin breathing from your abdomen while keeping your chest still. You can tell if you are breathing correctly if your hand rises and falls

Question 19

Pursed lip breathing

Answer 19

• Close mouth and breathe in through nose
• Purse lips as if to whistle and breath out slowly through mouth without puffing cheeks- spend at least 2x as long exhaling than inhaling
• Use abdominal muscles to squeeze out every bit of air you can
• Remember to use pursed lip breathing during any physical activity

Question 20

Most common complication of COPD

Answer 20

Pneumonia

Question 21

Primary pulmonary HTN

Answer 21

blood vessel constriction w/ vascular resistance in the lung
Leads to poor perfusion and hypoxia
deadly without tx

Question 22

Primary pulmonary HTN manifestations

Answer 22

dyspnea
fatigue
chest pain

Question 23

Tx for primary pulmonary HTN

Answer 23

drugs to vasodilate pulmonary vessels like CCB’s, Coumadin, and micro-infusion pumps for long term vessel dilation drugs