Chapter 12: OBESITY

Question 1

What are the known health risks of obesity?

Answer 1

• cardiovascular disease
• type 2 diabetes
• stroke
• arthritis
• some forms of cancer

Question 2

What is the basic premise of obesity?

Answer 2

-more consumption of calories than we expend=we gain weight

Question 3

what are the physical activity factors that possibly cause obesity?

Answer 3

• in modern days: change in people expenditure of energy
• Non-exercise activity thermogenesis (NEAT): energy expended for everything we do that is not sleeping eating or sport-like exercise.

Question 4

What are the genetic factors that cause obesity?

Answer 4

• Diff in body weight has strong hereditary basis
• variations in genes MC4 receptor and FTO gene
• Thrifty phenotype
• Hereditary leptin deficiency

Question 5

What is thrifty phenotype?

Answer 5

-people with efficient metabolism have calories leftover to deposit in the long-term nutrient reservoir, and these calories accumulate in the form of adipose tissue

Question 6

What is spendthrift phenotype?

Answer 6

• inefficient metabolism

- can each large meals without getting fat

Question 6

What is spendthrift phenotype?

Answer 6

• inefficient metabolism

- can each large meals without getting fat

Question 7

What does overeating share attributes with?

Answer 7

compulsive behaviors and drug abuse

Question 8

How are dopamine and CRH involved in eating behavior?

Answer 8

-Involved in relapse of food and drug seeking behaviour

Question 9

What do bariatric surgeries result in?

Answer 9

• Reduces the amount of food that can be eaten during during a meal or interferes with absorption of calories
• Focused on stomach, small intestine or both

Question 10

What does Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (GYGB) consist in?

Answer 10

• production of a small pouch in the upper end of the stomach
• connection to the roux limb of the small intestine
• reduces the size of the stomach and bypasses the duodenum

Question 11

What are side effect of RYGB surgery?

Answer 11

iron and vitamin B12 deficiency

Question 12

How efficient is RYGB surgery?

Answer 12

average loss of weight: 35% of your initial weight

Question 13

Why is RYGB so efficient?

Answer 13

• disrupts the secretion of ghrelin

- increases blood levels of PYY

Question 14

What were the two drugs effective to suppress appetite that were removed from the market for dangerous side effects?

Answer 14

• fenfluramine

- sibutramine

Question 15

What drug suppresses appetite by acting on CB1 receptors?

Answer 15

• rimonabant

- but side effects like depression and anxiety so removed from market

Question 16

What does orlistat do?

Answer 16

-interferes with the absorption of fats by the small intestine