Chapter 12: EATING Flashcards
What does the short-term reservoir store?
carbohydrates
What does the long-term reservoir store?
fats
glycogen?
- polysaccharide often referred to as animal starch
- constitues short-term store of nutrients
- in liver and muscles
Cells in the liver and muscles convert glucose into glycogen. How are they stimulated to do so?
by the presence of insulin
What is insulin?
- pancreatic hormone facilitates:
- entry of glucose and amino acid into cells
- conversion of glucose into glycogen
- transport of fats into adipose tissue
What is glucagon?
- pancreatic hormone
- promotes conversion of liver glycogen into glucose
What is the carbohydrate (short-term) reservoir in the liver primarily reserved for?
The CNS
What does LT reservoir consist of ?
adipose (fat) tissue
What is LT reservoir filled with?
triglycerides
What are triglycerides?
- the form of fat storage in adipose cells
- contain glycerol combined with three fatty acids (stearic acid, oleic acid, palmitic acid))
What is the difference between a person who is obese and a person who is not determined by?
- size of fat cells contained in adipose tissue
- size of fat cells determined by amount of triglycerides they contain
glycerol?
- also called glycerine
- derived from breakdown of triglycerides (along with fatty acids)
- converted by liver into glucose which then goes to the brain
fatty acid?
- derived from breakdown of triglycerides (with glycerol)
- metabolized by all cells of body except brain
Fasting phase?
- nutrients are not available from digestive system
- glucose, amino acids and fatty acids are derived from glycogen, protein, and adipose tissue during this phase
absorptive phase?
- nutrients are absorbed from digestive system
- glucose and amino acids=principal source of energy for cells during this phase
- excess nutrients stored in adipose tissue=triglycerides
