Chapter 11: THE COMPONENTS OF EMOTIONAL RESPONSE Flashcards
What are the three types of components that consist emotional response?
- behavioural
- autonomic
- hormonal
What do the behavioral components of emotion consist of?
muscular movements appropriate to the situation
What does the autonomic component of emotion consist of?
- facilitate behaviors
- provide quick mobilization of energy for vigorous movements
What does the hormonal component of emotion consist of?
What is secreted by adrenal medulla?
What is secreted by adrenal cortex?
- reinforce autonomic response
- epinephrine and norepinephrine secreted by the adrenal medulla
- steroid hormones secreted by adrenal cortex
What part of the brain becomes active when emotionally relevant stimuli are presented?
-Neurons in the amygdala
Where is the amygdala located?
within the temporal lobes
What are the three major regions of the amygdala?
- Lateral nucleus
- Basal nucleus
- Central nucleus
What does the lateral nucleus (LA)receive information from?
Neocortex
What does the basal nucleus (B) receive info from?
Lateral nucleus
What does the central nucleus (CE) receive info from?
Lateral nucleus, and basal nucleus
What does the central nucleus project to?
- hypothalamus
- midbrain
- pons
- medulla
What is the central nucleus responsible for?
Expression of various components of emotional response.
What does the lateral nucleus send info to ?
- basal nucleus
- ventral striatum
- dorsomedial nucleus of the thalamus
What is the most important part of the rain for emotional response provoked by aversive stimuli? (eg. stressful stimuli)
central nucleus
What does damage to the central nucleus result in?
reduces or abolishes a wide range of emotional behaviors and physiological processes
What does a long-term stimulation of the central amygdala result in?
- stress-induced illnesses such as gastric ulcers
- harmful effects of long-term stress.
Slide 12-13
diagram of neural projections
What does damage to the amygdala produce memory wise?
They don’t remember the risk associated to a certain stimuli after being conditionned
What multimodal info (different input) does the amygdala receive?
Input from
- lower-order visceral structures
- thalamus: sensory inputs
- cortex: higher-order sensory info
What different output does the amygdala exert?
- back to thalamic and cortical areas that provided sensory info
- striatum and hippocampal region: important for diff forms of memory
- autonomic, endocrine, motor systems: emotional expression
What is conditioned emotional response?
- neutral stimulus is paired with emotion-producing stimulus
- produces fear reactions
What type of stimulus have Ledoux and Al focused on?
-tone-cued fear conditioning
What did lesions do the amygdala produced in the Ledoux and al experiment?
- reduced conditioned reaction to tone
- both in motor and autonomic responses
What wasn’t affected by lesions to the amygdala?
URs (?)
Did damage to the striatum have any effect in LeDoux and Al experiment?
No effect
What is Urbach-Wiethe disease caused by?
-Calcification of amygdala, sparing HIP and cortex.
What is a symptom of Urbach-Wiethe disease?
-selective impairment in recognition of fearful expression
.no deficits in language, memory or perception
What region of the brain is responsible for inhibiting or preventing fear responses?
ventromedial prefrontal cortex (vmPFC)
What region of the brain is responsible for inhibiting or preventing fear responses?
ventromedial prefrontal cortex (vmPFC)
Where does the vmPFC receive input from?
- dorsomedial thalamus
- temporal cortex
- ventral tegmental area
- olfactory system
- amygdala
Where does the vmPFC exert output to?
- cingulate cortex
- hippocampal formation
- temporal cortex
- lateral hypothalamus
- amygdala
What do input to the vmPFC provide info about?
- what is happening in the environment
- plans made by frontal lobes
What do outputs of the vmPFC affect?
-variety of behaviours and physiological responses.
According to Nili and als findings, what does cmPFC play a role in?
- mechanisms of courage
- person in scanner, button to bring a living snake closer
- scared person, bringing the snake closer=courage: activity in the subgenual anterior cingulate cortex (sgACC)
How can PFC have a role in extinction of CRs?
-PFC damage can reduce extinction of CRs
How doesPFC exert its role in extinction of conditioned response?
- via direct pathway to the amygdala
- in particular: area between LA and ceA called intercalated neurons
