Chapter 11: THE COMPONENTS OF EMOTIONAL RESPONSE

Question 1

What are the three types of components that consist emotional response?

Answer 1

• behavioural
• autonomic
• hormonal

Question 2

What do the behavioral components of emotion consist of?

Answer 2

muscular movements appropriate to the situation

Question 3

What does the autonomic component of emotion consist of?

Answer 3

• facilitate behaviors

- provide quick mobilization of energy for vigorous movements

Question 4

What does the hormonal component of emotion consist of?
What is secreted by adrenal medulla?
What is secreted by adrenal cortex?

Answer 4

• reinforce autonomic response
• epinephrine and norepinephrine secreted by the adrenal medulla
• steroid hormones secreted by adrenal cortex

Question 5

What part of the brain becomes active when emotionally relevant stimuli are presented?

Answer 5

-Neurons in the amygdala

Question 6

Where is the amygdala located?

Answer 6

within the temporal lobes

Question 7

What are the three major regions of the amygdala?

Answer 7

• Lateral nucleus
• Basal nucleus
• Central nucleus

Question 8

What does the lateral nucleus (LA)receive information from?

Answer 8

Neocortex

Question 9

What does the basal nucleus (B) receive info from?

Answer 9

Lateral nucleus

Question 10

What does the central nucleus (CE) receive info from?

Answer 10

Lateral nucleus, and basal nucleus

Question 11

What does the central nucleus project to?

Answer 11

• hypothalamus
• midbrain
• pons
• medulla

Question 12

What is the central nucleus responsible for?

Answer 12

Expression of various components of emotional response.

Question 13

What does the lateral nucleus send info to ?

Answer 13

• basal nucleus
• ventral striatum
• dorsomedial nucleus of the thalamus

Question 14

What is the most important part of the rain for emotional response provoked by aversive stimuli? (eg. stressful stimuli)

Answer 14

central nucleus

Question 15

What does damage to the central nucleus result in?

Answer 15

reduces or abolishes a wide range of emotional behaviors and physiological processes

Question 16

What does a long-term stimulation of the central amygdala result in?

Answer 16

• stress-induced illnesses such as gastric ulcers

- harmful effects of long-term stress.

Question 17

Slide 12-13

Answer 17

diagram of neural projections

Question 18

What does damage to the amygdala produce memory wise?

Answer 18

They don’t remember the risk associated to a certain stimuli after being conditionned

Question 19

What multimodal info (different input) does the amygdala receive?

Answer 19

Input from

• lower-order visceral structures
• thalamus: sensory inputs
• cortex: higher-order sensory info

Question 20

What different output does the amygdala exert?

Answer 20

• back to thalamic and cortical areas that provided sensory info
• striatum and hippocampal region: important for diff forms of memory
• autonomic, endocrine, motor systems: emotional expression

Question 21

What is conditioned emotional response?

Answer 21

• neutral stimulus is paired with emotion-producing stimulus

- produces fear reactions

Question 22

What type of stimulus have Ledoux and Al focused on?

Answer 22

-tone-cued fear conditioning

Question 23

What did lesions do the amygdala produced in the Ledoux and al experiment?

Answer 23

• reduced conditioned reaction to tone

- both in motor and autonomic responses

Question 24

What wasn’t affected by lesions to the amygdala?

Answer 24

URs (?)

Question 25

Did damage to the striatum have any effect in LeDoux and Al experiment?

Answer 25

No effect

Question 26

What is Urbach-Wiethe disease caused by?

Answer 26

-Calcification of amygdala, sparing HIP and cortex.

Question 27

What is a symptom of Urbach-Wiethe disease?

Answer 27

-selective impairment in recognition of fearful expression

.no deficits in language, memory or perception

Question 28

What region of the brain is responsible for inhibiting or preventing fear responses?

Answer 28

ventromedial prefrontal cortex (vmPFC)

Question 28

What region of the brain is responsible for inhibiting or preventing fear responses?

Answer 28

ventromedial prefrontal cortex (vmPFC)

Question 29

Where does the vmPFC receive input from?

Answer 29

• dorsomedial thalamus
• temporal cortex
• ventral tegmental area
• olfactory system
• amygdala

Question 30

Where does the vmPFC exert output to?

Answer 30

• cingulate cortex
• hippocampal formation
• temporal cortex
• lateral hypothalamus
• amygdala

Question 31

What do input to the vmPFC provide info about?

Answer 31

• what is happening in the environment

- plans made by frontal lobes

Question 32

What do outputs of the vmPFC affect?

Answer 32

-variety of behaviours and physiological responses.

Question 33

According to Nili and als findings, what does cmPFC play a role in?

Answer 33

• mechanisms of courage
• person in scanner, button to bring a living snake closer
• scared person, bringing the snake closer=courage: activity in the subgenual anterior cingulate cortex (sgACC)

Question 34

How can PFC have a role in extinction of CRs?

Answer 34

-PFC damage can reduce extinction of CRs

Question 35

How doesPFC exert its role in extinction of conditioned response?

Answer 35

• via direct pathway to the amygdala

- in particular: area between LA and ceA called intercalated neurons