Chap.5 The Blood, and Lymphatic & Immune Systems/ Word Parts Flashcards
adenoid/o
adenoids
agglutin/o
clumping; sticking together
angi/o
vessel (blood)
arteri/o
artery
cyt/o
cell
erythr/o
red
fung/o
fungus
hem/a; hem/o; hemat/o
blood
iatr/o
physician; treatment
immun/o
immune; protection
kary/o
nucleus
leuk/o
white
log/o
study
ly/o
break down; dissolve; loosen
lymph/o; lymphat/o
lymph
lymphaden/o
lymph node
lymphangi/o
lymphatic vessel
morph/o
shape; form
myel/o
bone marrow; spinal cord
nucle/o
nucleus
path/o
disease
phag/o
eat; swallow; engulf
phleb/o
vein
ser/o
serum; serous
splen/o
spleen
thromb/o
clot
thym/o
tonsils
tox/o
poison
ven/i; ven/p
vein
vir/o
virus
a-; an-
not; without
anti-
against
auto-
self
con-
together; with
en-
in; within
epi-
on; over; upon
macro-
large
mega-
large
meta-
change; beyond
mono-
one; single
neo-
new
poly-
many; with
pro-
before; forward
trans-
across
-ation
process; condition
-blast
developing cell
-crit
to separate
-ectomy
surgical removal; excision
-emia
blood condition
-emic
pertaining to blood condition
-fusion
to pour; to come together
-gen
substance that produces
-globulin
protein
-ia
condition
-in; -ine
chemical; chemical compound; substance
-lysis
breakdown; separation; loosening
-lytic
pertaining to breakdown or destrution
-megaly
enlargement
-phage
eat; swallow
-pheresis
removal
-phil; -phillia
love; attraction for
-phoresis
transmission; carrying
-plasm
fortune; structure
-plastic
pertaining to formation
-plasty
surgical repair
-poiesis
formation
-rrhage
rupture; bursting forth (of blood)
-sis
state; condition
-stasis
stoppage of flow
-suppression
to stop
-therapy
treatment
-tomy
process of cutting; incision
blood
part of the circulatory or cardiovascular system; carries life sustaining oxygen and nutrients to tissues
lymph
part of the lymphatic system; clear yellow fluid plays an important role in immune system/ fighting pathogens
aka interstitial fluid; does not contain platelets or RBC’s to fight infection; not contained in circulatory system
what are Erythrocytes?
red blood cells (RBC’s)
made in red bone (epiphysis to long bones); hematopoiesis
delivers oxygen to cells and takes in carbon dioxide to lung to be exhaled
requires hemoglobin to bind with oxygen
how long do RBC’s live and what do they do after that time frame?
they only live 3 months then are broken down and recycled to make new ones with dietary ingredients (iron)
they are in constant production; always working and delivering
what are Leukocytes?
white blood cells (WBC’s) that fight infections; several different types
few in numbers unless you are fighting a infection
also made in marrow
white blood vessels look different b/c of different kinds of nuclei
what are Thrombocytes?
Platelets; clotting/coagulation
what is Plasma?
liquid portion of the blood (nonliving)
mostly water, salt, sugar, proteins (antibodies- they want these the most when donating), waste, hormones
what are the functions of the Lymphatic System?
sewer system of the body- eventually dumps into circulatory system; removes waste, germs, toxins, and other substances from the body
no heart to pump fluid so it relies on skeletal muscles
controls fluid balance
fights pathogens outside of circulatory system
manufactures and transports lymph
lymphatic vessels
carries lymph
lymph nodes
filters of lymph
tonsils
trap pathogens
thymus
located in the mediastinum (center of chest); atrophies after puberty, pumps out antibodies (crap tons)
Tonsils/Adenoids
“fly trap”; piece of tissue to trap pathogens
spleen
filters out worn out RBCs called hemolysis; also serves as a blood reservoir
liver
help with hemolysis; stores RBCs (helps the spleen)
peyers patches
tonsils in the small intestine
hemolysis
breaks down extra RBCs
Anemia
decrease in RBC #’s
iron deficiency anemia
the body can’t make new RBCs due to dietary deficient iron intake
aplastic anemia
bone marrow is not able to produce RBCs usually due to chemo; iatrogenic condition
hemolytic anemia
destruction of RBCs
sickle-cell anemia
genetic disorder where bone marrow produces misshaped RBCs
Hemophilia
genetic disorder where you cannot clot properly (thrombocytes)
Leukemia
cancer of the bone marrow where there is high WBC count but do they do not function; blood cancer
Multiple Myeloma
malignant cancer in bone marrow which produces abnormal plasma cells; cousin to leukemia; blood cancer
Polycythemia
excessive production of RBCs; also bone marrow disorder; not cancerous; opposite of Anemias; overtime it could become an issue; treatable
what does AIDS stand for?
Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome; not enough WBCs
what is AIDS?
caused by HIV which destroys T-cells (WBCs); you can be infected with HIV and see immediate results or be dormant for up to 10 years; just b/c someone is HIV positive doesn’t mean they have AIDs; dormant = HIV
active = AIDS
causes weird cancers and other disorders like kaposi sarcoma for ex
meds are designed to keep HIV in its dormant state
what is HIV stand for?
Human Immunodeficiency Virus
Autoimmune Disease
immunes system attack a chosen tissue/organ in your body; attacks itself basically
Immunodeficiency Disorder
immune system is compromised; broad definition that lessen your body to perform well
who would get a vaccine first like covid?
people with weakened immune systems like Diabetes, AIDS, Heart Diseases, Asthma, Emphysema
Diabetes take x2 as long to heal
Hodgkin’s Lymphoma
Malignant cancer of spleen, liver, bone marrow, lymph nodes; organs/tissues
Non-Hodgkin’s Lymphoma
malignant cancer of lymphocytes
Mononucleosis; Mono; Kissing Disease
caused by Epstein Barr virus and results in an increase in atypical monocytes (WBCs) and lymphocytes; 3-6 months contagious; lives up to 18 months but may not have symptoms
Apheresis
separation of blood components using a special machine in an effort to remove autoantibodies; the spiny thing; takes out plasma puts back in cells; called a plasma donation
Laboratory (lab) Test does what?
draws blood
Blood Chemistry Profile
gives info about heart disease, kidney fuc, liver fuc, sugars; very commonly performed; picks up enzymes too; 1 vial
Coagulation Test
clotting function test; 1 vial
Complete Blood Count (CBC)
tells how many cells are in the blood
Cross-matching
blood typing; expensive and not done usually; not done unless you need blood
Red Blood Cell Morphology
microscopic examination of RBCs to determine morphology
Serology Test
blood test to screen for antigen-antibody reactions; signals presence of infection
Antibody Therapy
use of synthetic (lab made) antibodies to treat disease that affect the immune system; or patients who are immunosuppressed; super expensive; you can get human ones too (better option)
Antineoplastic
drug that blocks the growth of new tumors
Blood Transfusion
blood donation; giving blood to someone else or getting those pints of blood; a lot of people have mild rejection and tend to feel sick; worse case scenario is death- if you reject it they give you anti-inflammatory and anti-rejection meds
Cytotoxic Drug
used to kill virus and cancer cells; only after the cancer is killed; used in chemo; kills good and bad cells that why you get sick
Immunosuppressant
suppresses your immune system
