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Med Term Vocab > Chap. 8 Digestive System Diseases + Conditions > Flashcards

Chap. 8 Digestive System Diseases + Conditions Flashcards

1
Q

Functions of Digestive System

A

the physical + chemical breakdown of food so it can be used by the body
ingestion
digestion
absorption
elimination

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2
Q

ingestion

A

intake of food and liquid (eating)

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3
Q

digestion

A

breakdown of food

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4
Q

absorption

A

movement of nutrients into bloodstream

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5
Q

elimination

A

removal of waste from body

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6
Q

mouth

A

receives food into the oral cavity as it is tasted and broken down by the teeth

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7
Q

chewing, the breaking down of food in the mouth by the teeth

A

mastication

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8
Q

teeth

A

hard structures in the mouth that breakdown food by chewing

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9
Q

tongue

A

muscular organ that contains taste buds, aids in chewing and swallowing

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10
Q

salivary glands

A

secrete amylase that aids in chemical breakdown of starchy foods (deglutition)

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11
Q

pharynx

A

throat, carries both food, liquid and air

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12
Q

3 types of pharynx

A

nasopharynx, oropharynx, and laryngopharynx

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13
Q

esophagus

A

muscular tube that carries the food to the stomach, relies on peristalsis to move the food

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14
Q

peristalsis

A

the involuntary constriction and relaxation of the muscles of the intestine or another canal, creating wave-like movements that push the contents of the canal forward.

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15
Q

stomach

A

receives food from the esophagus, food usually remains in stomach for 1-4 hrs, continues chemical breakdown with hydrochloric acid, high ph = above 3 = stomach ulcers

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16
Q

small intestine

A

process of digestion is completed here, absorbs nutrients to the blood stream

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17
Q

length and sections of small intestine

A

17-20 ft long, 1 inch in diameter, duodenum, jejunum, ileum - small in diameter not length

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18
Q

colon or large intestine

A

absorbs liquid (water) = remaining indigestible materials (feces) which are excreted from the body at the anus

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19
Q

length and sections of large intestine

A

5 ft long, 2 inches in diameter, cecum; ascending; transverse; descending; sigmoid; rectum - small in length not diameter

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20
Q

rectum

A

last part of the large intestine that stores waste before it passes out of the body through an opening called the anus

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21
Q

feces (stool)

A

indigestible waste expelled through the anus (opening at lower end of the digestive tract)

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22
Q

accessory organs

A

liver, gallbladder, pancreas

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23
Q

liver

A

many different functions in many body systems

detoxify blood, breaking down toxins

storage of nutrients
makes bile (breaks down fatty foods)
breaks down fats and helps remove wastes from the body
located in RUQ
averts glycogen to glucose for energy

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24
Q

bile from the liver

A

made to digest fats b/c fats are hydrophobic, secreted into the duodenum

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25
Q

gallbladder

A

stores and concentrates bile (small sac located interior to the liver)

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26
Q

pancreas

A

produces insulin to break down blood sugar in blood outside the D.S. and enzymes for digestion

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27
Q

anorexia

A

lack of or no appetite

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28
Q

ascites

A

sign of end stage liver disease, edema in abdomen (think cankles) fluid accumulation in abdomen

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29
Q

borborygmus

A

noises your digestive system makes as it digests food and moves it around

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30
Q

constipation

A

hardening/backup of stool due to dehydration or lack of fiber in diet

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31
Q

dehydration

A

lack of water in body

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32
Q

diarrhea

A

excessive flow of feces, lack of water uptake from large intestine (your large intestine isn’t intaking the water from the food you eat)

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33
Q

dyspepsia

A

difficulty of digestion/indigestion

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34
Q

dysphagia

A

difficulty swallowing

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35
Q

jaundice

A

yellow pigmentation of skin due to cirrhosis of liver, liver is responsible for breaking down RBC with bilirubin but when cannot be excreted it builds up which makes you yellow

36
Q

bilirubin

A

in RBC’s which help carry oxygen

37
Q

cirrhosis

A

scarring of the liver usually due to 2 things: alcohol + hepatitis, not able to filter toxins; hepatic backup like pulmonary backup; fluid seeps out of blood vessels and settles in the abdomen

38
Q

hepatitis

A

viral infection, blood borne, hep. b and c are in the U.S.; get it through illegal drug use (the needles) and sexual intercourse, cirrhosis can be from hepatitis

39
Q

signs of liver disease

A

ascites, jaundice, esophageal varices

40
Q

esophageal varices

A

veins that supply the esophagus rupture b/c of cirrhosis (lots of blood - swollen veins)

liver is scarred –> backup –> veins backup –> allows fluids to seep through veins –> abdomen

if they start to bleed and it goes into the stomach they will throw up blood, but if it is a slow bleeding it will be digested and will not know they have an internal hemorrhage

41
Q

emesis

A

vomiting (stays out)

42
Q

eructation

A

burping

43
Q

flatus

A

passing gas

44
Q

halitosis

A

bad breath

45
Q

hematemesis

A

vomiting blood

46
Q

hematochezia

A

defecation of blood

47
Q

nasuea

A

feeling before vomiting

48
Q

regurgitation

A

return of swallowed food from the stomach (goes back down)

49
Q

ulcer

A

erosion of mucosal membrane anywhere along the digestive tract, must let it heal, constantly open or exposed to enzymes if in the stomach

50
Q

appendicitis

A

inflammation of the appendix, LRQ, laparoscopic appendectomy, can be very bad if the appendix bursts b/c it has a lot of bacteria and it can get into the rest of the body –> can lead to sepsis, pain

51
Q

what are the 3 scopes used for a laparoscopic appendectomy and what is it used for

A

1st is put into the umbilicus, 2nd and 3rd are the pinchy one and the cauterization tool, it is to see if the appendix is swollen, if so you do an appendectomy

52
Q

what does laparoscopic mean and why do they use it

A

the viewing with a scope of the abdomen, used to reduce blood loss

53
Q

what medicine do you take for sepsis

A

antibiotics

54
Q

celiac disease

A

gluten allergy, inflammation –> affect absorption of nutrients, pain, peristalsis is affected, one place at one time

55
Q

cholecystitis

A

inflammation of the gallbladder

56
Q

choleithiasis

A

presence of stones in gall bladder, unknown reason why, as long as the gallbladder can excrete bile its ok but if it blocks it, it’s bad and can cause inflammation

57
Q

what surgery do you do to remove stones in the gall bladder

A

cholecystectomy

58
Q

what is the treatment for cirrhosis

A

abdominocentesis, but slowly b/c too much at once can cause arrhythmia

59
Q

crohn’s disease

A

autoimmune condition that cause inexplicable inflammation anywhere in the digestive tract, affects absorption of nutrients, peristalsis is affected, pain, can be in many places

60
Q

dental carries

A

cavities

61
Q

enteritis

A

small intestine inflammation

62
Q

gastroenteritis

A

stomach and small intestine inflammation

63
Q

hiatal hernia

A

stomach ruptures through the diaphragm, can go unnoticed, GERD is associated with this, surgery to push stomach back into place

64
Q

Ileus

A

obstruction of the small or large intestine

65
Q

what happens if you have a blockage

A

there is a high risk of infection, pain, and no nutrient absorption

66
Q

intestinal adhesions

A

type of obstruction

67
Q

intussusception

A

type of obstruction

68
Q

volvulus

A

twisting of the intestine causing blockage

69
Q

irritable bowel syndrome

A

IBS, autoimmune, patient switches from diarrhea to constipation and back

70
Q

irritable bowel disease

A

same as syndrome

71
Q

peptic ulcer

A

ulcer in the stomach, difficult to treat b/c you need to just let it heal but b/c of constant exposure to enzymes and acid it is hard to heal, another reason why you might have hematochezia

72
Q

periodontal disease

A

gingivitis on steroids, gum disease, gums get so infected with bacteria b/c of so many cavities, gums then recede so teeth will eventually fall out

73
Q

abdominal ultrasound

A

sound waves

74
Q

barium enema; lower gastrointestinal (LGI) series

A

a test to see any blockage in the LGI

75
Q

computerized tomography (CT)

A

high powered xray

76
Q

endoscopy

A

viewing of the UGI, scope is pushed down throat, for proximal jejunum and up

77
Q

occult blood test

A

test to detect if there is digested blood in the stool

78
Q

upper gastrointestinal (UGI) series

A

barium swallow, drink up the chalky stuff

79
Q

colonoscopy

A

viewing of LGI, distal jejunum and down

80
Q

acid blocker

A

pepcid AC is an example; over the counter meds

81
Q

antibiotic

A

self explanatory, bacterial stuff

82
Q

antiemetic

A

anti nausea

83
Q

bariatric surgery

A

obesity surgery, lap band, gastric bypass

84
Q

laxative

A

loosens stool to help with constipation

85
Q

surgery (general)

A

does laparoscopic “-ectomy’s”

86
Q

lap band

A

stops you from eating too much, tricks your brain into thinking your full, semi perminate

87
Q

gastric bypass

A

perminate, gastric pouch is inserted

Med Term Vocab (20 decks)

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